生物化学(双语)——核酸和蛋白质CH4-1AmonoacidProtein1PPT.ppt

Chapter 4 Amino Acid Protein （氨基酸与蛋白质）; Structure, features（特征） of amino acids Separation and analysis of amino acid Structure function of peptide（肽）protein Separation, purification（纯化）,identification （鉴定）of protein Sequencing（排序） of peptide protein ;Key words;Motif (基元) Domain (结构域) Hydrophobic (疏水的) Hydrophilic (亲水的) Chaperone (分子伴侣) Myoglobin (Mb, 肌红蛋白) Hemoglobin (Hb, 血红蛋白) Electrophoresis (电泳);4.1 General;蛋白质的等级结构;(2). Elemental composition of protein （蛋白质的基本组成）;4.2 Building unit of protein - amino acid (aa or AA); An amino acid is defined as the molecule containing an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH) and an R group.? The R group differs among various amino acids.? In a protein, the R group is also called a?side chain. There are over 300 naturally occurring amino acids on earth, but the number of different amino acids in proteins is only 20.??;2). Classification, structure and symbol of AA ;(i) 20 common AA classified by R group;Ala (A) 丙氨酸;;Ser (S) 丝氨酸;Lys (K) 赖氨酸;Glu (E) 谷氨酸; Disulfide bond of two molecules of cysteine;(ii) Modified amino acids Modified after synthesis of protein 4-hydroxyproline (4-羟脯氨酸) ? 5-hydroxylysine (5-羟赖氨酸) 这两种氨基酸主要存在于结缔组织的纤维状蛋白中? 6-N-Methylysine (6-N-甲基赖氨酸, 存在于肌球蛋白中) ? γ- Carboxyglutamate (γ-羧基谷氨酸) 存在于凝血酶原及某些具有结合Ca2+离子功能的蛋白质中 ? Tyr derivertives: 3.5 -二碘酪氨酸、甲状腺素(甲状腺蛋白中);4-羟脯氨酸;These amino acids have important functions β-, γ-, δ-amino acids β-Ala (存在于泛素的前体), γ-氨基丁酸 (神经递质) Derivertives of L-α–amino acids L-瓜氨酸, L-鸟氨酸是尿素循环的中间物 D-amino acids D-Glu, D-Ala (肽聚糖中), D-Phe (短杆菌肽S) ;瓜氨酸;(2). AA can act as acids and bases, and the isoelectric point (pI, 等电点) ;2). Act as acid and base;不同pH时氨基酸以不同的离子化形式存在;实验证明在等电点时，氨基酸主要以两性离子形式存在，但也有少量的而且数量相等的正、负离子形式，还有极少量的中性分子 ;3). AAs have characteristic titration curve (滴定曲线);Titration curve of 0.1 M glycine at 25℃. The ionic species predominating at key points in the titration are shown above the graph. The shaded boxes, centered at a