病理学课件8PPT.ppt

STRESS AND STRESS-RELATED DISEASES;Concepts: general adaptation syndrome, stress, stressor Mechanism-stress response Neuroendocrine: LC-NE/sympathetic, HPA Humoral and cellular: APP, HSP Functional metabolic alteration Stress-related diseases: stress ulcer Prevention and treatment principle Case discussion;Hans Selye (1907-1982) ; ; ;Stress Definition;Any stimuli that elicit the stress response; Pleasant stress (eustress) wellness Unpleasant stress (distress) disease; ;Stress Responses;Neuroendocrine Response;Dopamine Norepinephrine Epinephrine (adrenaline);Peripheral: ;;short-term memory, concentration, and rational thought ;Diencephalons ;Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH);Role of Glucocorticoid;Interaction of LC and HPA;Acute phase protein ;APP;Heat shock protein;Structure of HSP;Electron micrograph of HSP70 in scrapie infected cell;Regulation of HSP expression;;Functional and Metabolic Alteration;Memory, Concentration, and Learning Effect of Acute Stress on Memory. Subjects taking cortisone performed significantly worse on memorization tests than those taking the placebo did.  Effect of Chronic Stress on Memory. Prolonged exposure to cortisol to shrinkage in the hippocampus, the center of memory. ;Heart rate and blood pressure increase; Blood flow may increase 300% to 400%; Breathing becomes rapid and takes in more oxygen;Dryness and difficulty in talking; Spasms of the throat muscles, difficult to swallow; Cool, clammy, sweaty skin; Scalp tightens, hair stand up; Digestive activity shuts down (appetite, ulcer, diarrhea); Genito-urinary system: disturbance of hormone.;Stress ;Stress and Disease;Mucosal damage or lesion of the stomach or duodenum in critical illness or severely stressed situation. ;Psychological Effects of Stress In one study, two-thirds of subjects who experienced a stressful situation had nearly six times the risk of developing depression within that month. Some evidence suggests that repeated release of