第19章 肿瘤免疫学PPT.ppt

第19章 肿瘤免疫学 Tumor Immunology中南大学湘雅医学院免疫教研室田 伟;;肿瘤免疫学研究内容;Etiology: Interplay of genetic predisposition, pathogen (virus) exposures, and environmental factors. Multiple steps Failure in immuno-surveillance. ;“免疫监视”学说Immune Surveillance;ADCC = antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity;二、适应性免疫细胞对肿瘤细胞的识别（一）肿瘤抗原(Tumor Antigen)细胞在癌变过程中出现的新抗原物质的总称。正常基因调控异常或病毒基因整合均可诱导细胞癌变，表达正常细胞缺如或含量极低的某些 蛋白质。;;肿瘤抗原分类; 实验动物肿瘤抗原;理化因素诱生的肿瘤抗原特点; 实验动物肿瘤抗原;病毒诱生的肿瘤抗原特点;病毒诱生的肿瘤抗原;人类主要肿瘤抗原;Cell Growth;Molecular Basis of Cancer;p53 ;BCR/ABL ;人类主要肿瘤抗原;人类主要肿瘤抗原;AFP is a circulating glycoprotein normally synthesized and secreted by the yolk sac and liver of fetus. Abnormally higher rise in this protein is used for monitoring hepatomas and testicular cancers. AFP level may also be raised in some nonmalignant conditions, such as cirrhosis, hepatitis and other forms of liver damage.;Alpha fetoprotein: concentrations;A single tumor contains a heterogeneous population of cancer cells. Some cancer cells express antigens and are susceptible to specific CTLs. However, other cancer cells are antigen-loss variants (ALVs) that escape these CTLs because they express little or no antigen. ;;; 二、适应性免疫细胞对肿瘤细胞的识别（二）T细胞和B细胞对肿瘤抗原的识别1.T细胞识别肿瘤细胞表面抗原：由MHC-I递呈，被CD8+T细胞识别；脱落或可溶性抗原：被APC摄取、加工，由MHC-II递呈，被CD4+T细胞识别；2.B细胞识别BCR直接识别肿瘤细胞表面的抗原肽。;第2节 机体抗肿瘤的免疫效应;NK细胞;;Mφ细胞;第2节 机体抗肿瘤的免疫效应;（一）T细胞介导的抗肿瘤作用;T细胞;T细胞;CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize antigenic peptides associated with MHC class I molecules. When pathogen-or tumour-specific effector CTLs detect antigen being presented by a cell, they destroy the cell to avert the spread of infection or cancer.;;Cross Presentation of Tumor Antigens;;;;Both high levels of MHC class I expression and absent MHC class I expression are associated with similar disease-specific survival times, possibly due to natural killer cell-mediated clearance of MHC class I-negative tumor cells. Tumors with low level expression of MHC class I were found to confer a s