语法专题五非谓语动词.docVIP

语法专题五——非谓语动词 一、知识精要 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分 ， 起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式叫做 非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式 : 不定式 the Infinit ive ，动名词 the Gerund 和分词 t he Participle 。 （一）动词不定式 一、不定式的形式 一般式 ： to do / to be done 不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词 表示的 动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之 后，例如： I ’ m glad to meet you. He wants to be an artist. The patient asked to be operated on at once. The teacher ordered the work to be done. 进行式 ： to be doing 不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： The boy pretended to be working hard. He seems to be reading in his room. 完成式： to have done / to have been done 不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： I ’ m sorry to have lost your key. It is a great honour to have been invited to participate in this celebration . 否定式 ： not + (to) do 二、 不定式的句法功能 动词不定式除了不能单独作谓语外，几乎能充当句子中所有的句子成分。 1. 不定式做主语： (1) To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. To lose heart means failure. 动词不定式 ( 短语 ) 作主语时，常用 it 代替它作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式 ： It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. It means failure to lose heart. 不定式和动名词做主语的区别 : 动名词做主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，在意义上是比较抽象的、一般的 ， 时 间 念不强，不是指某一次的动作；不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为。 例如： Doing sports is good for people ’ s health. To do too much exercise is not good for him as he has a heart illness. 不定式作表语 表示主语的具体内容。 His wish is to become a scientist. The duty of a postman is to deliver letters and newspapers. 注意：主语部分有实义动词 do 时，表语中可以省略 to 。 What he did first was (to) walk up to his friend and hug him. 2 ) “ be to do ” 还可以表示不同的情态意义。 Children are not to smoke. ( 禁止 ) They are to marry next week. ( 安排 ) You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed. ( 愿望 ) Man is to live a better life in the next century. ( 事态发展或预期的结果 ) 注意 有几个不定式作表语，需用主动表被动： Parents are to blame if their children do not have good manners. The house is to let. 该房屋出租。 . 不定式做宾语 1) 接不定式做宾语的常见动词： afford, agree, aim, appear, arrange, begin, choose, come, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, happen, help, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, want, wish 注意 : demand/hope只能接 to do 不能接 sb to d