第四节 蛋白质化学.pptVIP

⑴一般来讲，蛋白质分子量大而多肽分子量小。 多肽与蛋白质的区别 ⑵多肽只有一条肽链而蛋白质通常不止一条肽链。 ⑶蛋白质的活性由构象决定，而多肽活性与构象关系不大。 ⑷多肽不含辅因子，而蛋白质可能含有。 蛋白质的一级结构 是指多肽链中氨基酸的排列顺序。 牛胰核糖核酸酶 蛋白质的二级结构 是指多肽主链的局部构象，尤其是有规律的周期性结构。包括α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角和无规卷曲等。 肽键平面 与肽单元 蛋白质的二级结构 α-螺旋 β-折叠 β-转折 无规则卷曲 α-螺旋 结构特点： 1、为直径0.5nm的右 手螺旋 2、螺距为0.54nm 3、每个螺旋需要3.6 个氨基酸残基 稳定因素：氢键，是由氨基酸的羰基氧与相隔3个氨基酸的亚氨基氢形成。 脯氨酸、羟脯氨酸、连续出现的带电荷氨基酸、侧链太大的氨基酸可影响α-螺旋的形成。 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Chemistry Tutorial The Chemistry of Water The polarity of water Water has a simple molecular structure. It is composed of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. Each hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to the oxygen via a shared pair of electrons. Oxygen also has two unshared pairs of electrons. Thus there are 4 pairs of electrons surrounding the oxygen atom, two pairs involved in covalent bonds with hydrogen, and two unshared pairs on the opposite side of the oxygen atom. Oxygen is an electronegative or electron loving atom compared with hydrogen. Water is a polar molecule, meaning that there is an uneven distribution of electron density. Water has a partial negative charge ( ?) near the oxygen atom due the unshared pairs of electrons, and partial positive charges ( ?) near the hydrogen atoms. An electrostatic attraction between the partial positive charge near the hydrogen atoms and the partial negative charge near the oxygen results in the formation of a hydrogen bond as shown in the illustration. The Biology Project Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics The University of Arizona Revised: January 28, 2003Contact the Development Team All contents copyright ? 1997-2003. All rights reserved. The ability of ions and other molecules to dissolve in water is due to polarity. For example, in the illustration below sodium chloride is shown in its crystalline form and dissolved in water. ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Many other unique properties of water are due to the h