停车收费论文：城市停车收费及拥挤收费价格联动研究.docVIP

停车收费论文：城市停车收费与拥挤收费价格联动研究 【中文摘要】城市停车收费与拥挤收费政策,作为城市交通价格政策中控制私人交通出行的重要手段,平衡了交通供给与需求之间的矛盾并为实现城市交通系统有效平衡发展做出了应有的贡献。但在现行的城市交通价格系统中,诸多的交通价格收费政策之间缺乏良好的联动,收费价格的制定缺乏整体上的把握和对其他相关收费政策的充分考虑。由于我国大陆尚没有城市实行道路拥挤收费,并且在停车收费的价格制定中也存在上述的问题,故在以调控私人交通量为的城市交通经济政策下城市停车收费与道路拥挤收费的价格联动就成为了交通经济政策制定阶段需要考虑和亟待解决的问题。本文对停车收费与拥挤收费的原理、系统动力学的相关理论进行了阐述和说明,在此基础上分析停车收费与拥挤收费联动的必要性并提出两者价格的联动形式,为联动系统的因果回路图和系统流图的建立奠定了基础。通过对停车收费与拥挤收费价格联动体系中交通供给、交通需求两个主体部分以及包括人口、土地、经济和环境在内的系统影响因素各子系统的分析,确定联动模型中的各因素之间的关系与各指标变量,分别建立了停车收费与拥挤收费价格联动仿真模型的因果回路图和流图,确定了主要的反馈回路和变量之间的关系。以北京市海淀区为例,利用2005~2009年的数据对停车收费与拥挤收费价格联动模型进行了检验并对该区域内停车收费与拥挤收费的价格联动形式进行了标定,同时在2009年数据的基础上对整个模型进行了仿真预测,得到了停车收费与拥挤收费在联动形势下的变化趋势和变化比例,并提出了针对海淀区的两种停车收费与拥挤收费的价格联动方案。在模型的基础上对北京市现行和即将实行的人口、机动车和环境等相关政策进行了分析,将相关政策影响带入到联动仿真系统中并进行相关政策实验,明确政策在实施的过程中对系统未来的影响并提出相应的决策建议。 【英文摘要】City parking fees and congestion pricing policy, as the important means of controlling private traffic in the area of pricing policy, balance the contradiction between traffice supply and demand in the transport system and make their due contribution to the effective development of urban transportation system. However, in the current urban transportation pricing system, there are lack of good and effective linkage among many transport pricing policies, and the process of making price doesn抰 put full consideration on the other policies from a overall angle. Since there is no city making the implementation of road congestion charge in the mainland of China and parking fees also has the problems mentioned above, the linkage of city parking charges and road pricing need to be considered as a problem to be solved in the pricing, in the purpose of regulation private transport.In the first place, this article describes and introduces parking fees, congestion pricing theory and the theory of system dynamics, on the basis of which, analyses the necessity of linkage between parking fees and congestion pricing and provide specific format of linkage, in order to make foundation to establish the main feedback l