医学心理学医学心理学主要理论 PPT课件.ppt

医学课件 医学心理学主要理论Major Perspectives Medical Psychology 精神分析理论 The Theory of Psychoanalysis 行为主义理论 The Theory of Psychological behaviorism 人本主义理论 The Theory of Humanistic Psychology 认知理论 The Theory of Psychological Cognition The Theory of Psychoanalysis 潜意识理论 (Unconsciousness theory） 人格结构理论 （Structures of personality） 性欲发展阶段理论 （Psychosexual stages） 心理防御机制理论 （Defense mechanisms） 释梦理论 （Dream interpretation） 决定论的观点 严格的决定论者：所有的行为都有原因，行动以及思想和感觉都不会偶然发生 精神分析的作用及方法：在隐藏的驱力和冲突中寻找思想、感觉和行动的来源，以及考察个体早期经验与基本的人类本质交互作用以产生成人个性的方式 Mental Structure of Psychoanalysis 意识 （Conscious） 包括存在于可以立即觉察到的水平的东西意识 潜意识（Unconscious） 包括我们没有觉察到的心理活动的所有方面 前意识（Preconscious） 许多思想和主意在我们对它们集中注意时或企图将它们带入意识水平时就会得到，但其并不总是处于意识水平 Key Words Unconscious A part of the personality of which a person is unaware. The unconscious contains instinctual drives: infantile wishes, desires, demands, and needs that are hidden from conscious awareness because of the conflicts and pain they would cause us if they were part of our everyday life. Preconscious The memories or feelings that are not part of ones immediate awareness but that can be recalled through conscious effort. Personality Structure 本我 （ Id ）“Pleasure principle” 自我 （Ego） “Reality principle” 超我 （Superego） “Principle of ideal” Key Words Id The raw, unorganized, inherited part of personality whose purpose is to reduce tension created by biological drives and irrational impulses. Present from the time of birth, the sole purpose of the id is to reduce tension created by primitive drives related to hunger, sex, aggression and irrational impulses. The id operates according to the pleasure principle, in which the goal is the immediate reduction of tension and the maximization of satisfaction. Key Words Ego The part of personality that provides a buffer between the id and the outside world. In contrast to the pleasure-seeking nature of the id, the ego operates according to the reality principle, in which instinctual energy is restrai