感染控制yu职业防护讲解课件.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Healthcare workers should avid contact with blood and body fluids from all patients. However, if a healthcare worker’s hands do have contact with contact with blood or body fluids from ANY patient, whether or not the patient is infected with a bloodborne pathogen, then hands should be washed as soon as possible. Hands should be washed after taking a blood pressure or vital signs from ANY patient, before and after contact with lab specimens, and after removing gloves. In the United States, we have learned that healthcare workers do not wash their hands as much as they should. For example, in one study in an Intensive Care Unit, proper handwashing occurred only 40% of the time. Overall, the idea of handwashing is terrific, but the actual behavior of washing hands is a big problem that involves each of us. Poor handwashing increases the risk of transmitting infection from patients to healthcare workers and to other patients. So, to conclude, it is likely we can all improve in this area. * * This graph shows that alcohol-based handrub is better than handwashing at killing bacteria. Shown across the top of this graph is the amount of time after disinfection with the hand hygiene agent. The left axis shows the percent reduction in bacterial counts. The three lines represent alcohol-based handrub, antimicrobial soap, and plain soap. * * * * * * * * * 医务人员艾滋病病毒职业暴露防护工作指导原则（试行）自2004年6月1日起实施 第二章预 防 第四条 …对所有病人的血液、体液及被血液、体液污染的物品均视为具有传染性的病源物质… 第五条 接触病源物质时，应当采取以下防护措施： …有可能发生血液、体液飞溅到医务人员的面部时，医务人员应当戴手套、具有防渗透性能的口罩、防护眼镜… …使用后的锐器应当直接放入耐刺、防渗漏的利器盒，或者利用针头处理设备进行安全处置，也可以使用具有安全性能的注射器、输液器等医用锐器，以防刺伤。禁止将使用后的一次性针头重新套上针头套。禁止用手直接接触使用后的针头、刀片等锐器。 * * 流行过程的基本条件 感染源 传播途径 易感者 三个环节 * * 医院感染的传播过程 医院感染的传播途径 医源性传播 血液及血制品 输液制品 药品及药液 诊疗器械及设备 一次性医疗用品 * * 医护人员可能暴露于哪些种类的致病污染物中？ 病人皮肤上通常携带抗药性病菌。携带诸如耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌或抗万古霉素肠球菌的病人的很多部位的皮肤上都有病原体，甚至在他们身上无伤口或皮肤破损时亦如此。 ? 携带MRSA（耐甲氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌）的病人的腋下、手部、手腕部及腹股沟部通常都有病菌。 * * 工作人员的职业暴露 六大特点 1、以健