3 Formulas Equations and Moles3章公式公式和痣课件.ppt

Molecules, Compounds, and Chemical Equations Chapter 3 Outline Chemical Bonds Introduction to Organic Molecules Percent Composition Empirical Formula Molecular Formula Balancing Chemical Equations Molecular View of Elements and Compounds P4, S8, and Se8 are the polyatomic elements Combining Elements to make Compounds 2 H2 (g) + O2 (g) ? 2 H2O (l) Formation of Water from Its Elements Ionic vs. Molecular Compounds Propane – contains individual C3H8 molecules Table salt – contains an array of Na+ ions and Cl- ions How are chemical formulas represented? Examples of different molecule representations Chapter 3: Examples – Percent Composition, Empirical, Molecular Formulae Citronellal, an aldehyde, has insect repellent properties. A sample was found to have 2.460 g carbon, 0.373 g hydrogen, and 0.329 g oxygen. What is the percentage of carbon in the sample? What is the molecular formula of citronellal? It’s molar mass is about 154 g/mol. Chapter 3: Examples – Empirical and Molecular Formula It is found that a sample of liquid bromine of mass 1.546 g reacts with fluorine gas to form 2.649 g of a bromine fluoride liquid. Determine the empirical formula. Write the balanced chemical reaction, if the molar mass is about 137 g/mol. Chapter 3: Examples – Empirical and Molecular Formula Salicylic acid, used in the synthesis of aspirin, has a mass composition of 60.87% C, 4.38% H, and 34.75% O. What is the formula of salicylic acid? Chapter 3: Examples – Empirical and Molecular Formula Combustion of a 1.000 g sample of an organic compound known to contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen produces 2.360 g of carbon dioxide and 0.640 g of water. What is the empirical formula? The molar mass of the gas cyclopronanone is about 56 g/mol. Write the balanced combustion reaction. What is the functional group for cyclopronanone? Chapter 3: Examples – Empirical and Molecular Formula Caffeine is made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms and has a