Research and Diversity的研究和多样性.pptVIP

Research and Diversity Why do research? Psychology is an empirical science which emphasizes or is based on observation experiment. Absolutist Approach A view in cross-cultural psychology that psychological phenomena are basically the same in all cultures. Relativist Approach A view in cross-cultural psychology that psychological phenomena should be studied only from 搘ithin?a culture where these phenomena occur. The Scientific Method Theory Hypothesis Operational Definition Principle of Falsifiability Subjects Selection Factor Replication Theory An organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships. Hypothesis A statement that attempts to predict or to account for a set of phenomena; scientific hypotheses specify relationships among events or variables and are empirically tested. Operational Definition A precise definition of a term in a hypothesis, which specifies the operations for observing and measuring the process or phenomenon being measured. Principle of Falsifiability The principle that a scientific theory must make predictions that are specific enough to expose the theory to the possibility of disconfirmation; that is, the theory must predict not only what will happen, but also what will not happen. Other Concepts Participants Participants in a scientific study Replication The ability to repeat, reproduce or copy a study Selection Factor The bias source that may occur when subjects are allowed to determine for themselves whether or not they will receive a treatment condition in a scientific study. Samples Populations: Representing Human Diversity Sample a segment of the population Population refers to a complete group of organisms or events Infer is to draw a conclusion Generalization extend from the particular to the general Random Sample each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected to participate Stratified Samples identified su