英语语法系列讲座之三——句子结构及复合句.docVIP

语法系列讲座之三 句子结构及复合句 句子结构 英语的句子分为三种：简单句、并列句和复合句，其中并列句和复合句又是由若干个简单句所组成的。 简单句：The train arrives. The sea had become calm again. 并列句：They must stay in water, or they will die. It is not cheap, but it is very good. 复合句：The office that deals with passports is upstairs. When he woke up, the sea had become calm again. 简单句的基本结构有五种： 1.主语＋谓语 Things change. 2.主语＋连系动词＋表语 Trees are green. 3.主语＋谓语＋宾语 My sister will fix everything. 4.主语＋谓语＋直接宾语/间接宾语 He bought his wife a ring. 5.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补 I found the book easy. 其他的各种句子结构都是由这五种句型转换、缩略或扩展而成。由于表达意义的复杂化，句子与句子之间衔接照应，修辞的使用和语言省略的原则等使得原本很简单的这五种句子的基本结构在实际的使用中呈现了复杂化、多样化的趋势，因此常常造成了阅读的障碍。 复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。由于在句中的作用不同，从句大体上可分为三种：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句。 I、名词性从句 1．主语从句 （1）结构：主语（一个句子）＋谓语＋…如： That the earth goes round the sun is known to us all. Whether he will come or not isn’t clear. What he said at the meeting is very important. How this happened is still a question. Who will win the game is clear. （2）It is/was +形容词/过去分词/名词＋主语从句。如： It’s interesting that you should like the book. It’s a pity that we can’t go there with you now. It is not decided when the match will begin. （3）主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： Where they have gone is not known yet. （4）That 引导主语从句时一般不可以省略。如： That he was elected monitor made us satisfied. （5）“是否”引导主语从句用“whether”，而不用“if”。如： Whether he will join us or not doesn’t make any difference. 2．宾语从句 （1）结构：主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋从句（宾语从句）如： I think that he is quite right to go there so early. Who can tell me when he left the school? （2）…＋介词＋从句（宾语从句）。如： Can you say something about how we can solve the problem? Pay more attention to what I am saying. （3）主语＋谓语（find, made, consider等）＋it +形容词＋宾语从句。如： He found it important that he should study the situation in the United States. I consider it necessary that we often use spoken English. （4）主语＋be sure (glad, certain, afraid, happy 等)＋宾语从句。如： I’m sure that they will watch the football match. I’m afraid that he won’t come this evening. 注意：that 引导宾语从句时在句中不作任何成分，一般可以省略。 3．表语从句 （1）结构：主语＋系动词＋表语从句。如：