COMPOSITE OBJECT RUNTIME POLYMORPHISM复合对的运行时多态性.pptVIP

COMPOSITE OBJECT RUNTIME POLYMORPHISM Inheritance results in a “composite” object at run-time. Public methods are combined into one set of public methods, but with distinct names qualified by the class name in which they are defined. ? Data layout is combined as well, with compile-time access control (e.g., private) still applies: With inheritance, private data in the base class is still private. ? C++ introduces the “protected clause” for allowing a derived class to have special access privileges to the base class. ? Protected data and methods are only visible to base classes. Use protected data and methods to selectively break encapsulation so that the subclass can access the data and/or methods. ? NOTE: when you construct a composite object, the base class constructor is executed before the derived class constructor. That is objects are constructed from the base down the inheritance hierarchy. Usually, destruction is the reverse---a derived class destructor is executed before a base class destructor. Inheritance Example When a derived class is constructed, the base class constructor is executed prior to the derived class constructor. Thus the derived class can pass arguments to the base class constructor using the initialize list. includeiostream.h #includeconio.h class Base { private: int x; public: Base( ) : x(0) { cout\n\n\nDefault Base x=x; } Base(int x) : x(x) { cout\n\n\nparameter Base x=x; } ~Base( ) { cout\n\n\nDestructor is called; } }; ? ? class Derived : public Base { private: int y; char *s; public: Derived() : Base(), y(0), s(NULL) { cout\n\n\nDefault derived class called y=y; } Derived(int x, int y) : Base(x), y(0), s(NULL) { cout\n\n\nDerived parameter is called x=x,y=y; } ~Derived() { cout\n\n\nDerived destructor is called; } }; void main() { clrscr(); Base a; Base b(1); Derived d; Derived e(2,3); getch(); }