Knowledge Reprsentation Dublin Institute of Technology Home知识表示都柏林理工学院家.pptVIP

Knowledge Representation Introduction. The objective of research into intelligent machines is to produce systems which can reason with available knowledge and so behave intelligently. One of the major issues then is how to incorporate knowledge into these systems. The Problem Of Knowledge Representation How is the whole abstract concept of knowledge reduced into forms which can be written into a computers memory. This is called the problem of Knowledge Representation. Fields of Knowledge The concept of Knowledge is central to a number of fields of established academic study, including Philosophy, Psychology, Logic,and Education. Even in Mathematics and Physics people like Isaac Newton and Leibniz reflected that since physics has its foundations in a mathematical formalism, the laws of all nature should be similarly described. Views of Knowledge The eighteenth Century Psychologist, Immanuel Kant wrote in his landmark “Critique of Pure Reason” that the mind has a priori principles and makes things outside conform to those principles. In other words as we absorb knowledge we impose some internal structure on it and tend to view the world in terms of this structure. The theories of the great twentieth century Educationalist Jean Piaget would conform to this view. Knowledge Representation Before Computers With the exception of Logic, however, efforts made to formalize a knowledge representation tend to be disjointed and infrequent in the days before computers. However the revolutionary impact of the advent of computers proved a new motivating force and many researchers are now addressing the problem of Knowledge Representation. Major Representation Schemes Classical Representation schemes include Logic Procedural Semantic Nets Frames Direct Production Schemes Each Representation Scheme has a reasoning mechanism built in so we will treat these issues together and follow this with a discussion on Complexity. Logic Formal Logic is a classical approach of r