The Hubble expansion and the cosmic redshift INAF OABrera哈勃膨的宇宙红移 INAF OA布雷拉.pptVIP

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The Hubble expansion and the cosmic redshift INAF OABrera哈勃膨的宇宙红移 INAF OA布雷拉.ppt

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The Hubble expansion and the cosmic redshift INAF OABrera哈勃膨的宇宙红移 INAF OA布雷拉

Cosmology 2002/2003 The Hubble expansion and the cosmic redshift Guido Chincarini Here we derive a few preliminary expression for the redshift. Try to see the difference between Doppler redshift and Cosmological redshift. The difference between the signal received from a distant object in an expanding Universe and an object moving away from us respect our frame of reference in the Laboratory. The events Time like ds2 0. For instance I have two events at the same location. In this case ds2 = c2 dt2. Space like ds2 0. Two events occurr at the same time, dt=0, in different locations and we have ds2 = -dl2. Light like ds = 0. Two points can be connected by a light signal. ds2 = c2 dt2 - dl2. Distance between two points I measure at the same time so that dt=0. For convenience I use r rather than ? in the Robertson Walker metric we just derived. I indicate by d the distance. Always A B Lorentz Transformation - Coordinates Lorentz Transformation - Velocities Integrating The concept of Pressure If for the galaxies I write ? = ? c2 where ? is the mass density I have: P ? ?T ? ? v2 c2/c2 ? ? v2/c2 I could estimate at the time t=t0 (now) the rms velocity of the galaxies. This is in the range 50 to 1000 km/s going from the field to clusters of galaxies. For larger Structures as Super_clusters, not virialized however, we have a dispersion in velocity (~infall) of about 500 km/s. In this case: P ~ 10-5 10-6 very small p~0 On the other hand we have seen ? v ? 1/a(t) which may become very large for a(t) small. In the past the motions of galaxies should have been very turbolent and v rather high. In this case the pressure term could be ? from zero. However: The galaxies form and evolve when a(t) is smaller. That is before considering the above relation between p ? I must understand the physics at that epoch. If I simply extrapolate the relation ? v ? 1/a(t) at a point where v ~ c my result breaks down. In the relativistic domain I must use p = 1/3 ? . Pressuresee Vol