Engineeringmaterialandperformance工程材料及其性能(Mechanicalengineeringmaterial).docVIP

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Engineeringmaterialandperformance工程材料及其性能(Mechanicalengineeringmaterial).doc

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Engineeringmaterialandperformance工程材料及其性能(Mechanicalengineeringmaterial)

Engineering material and performance is a course actually named Mechanical engineering material. In this course, it tells about the several mechanical material such as carbon steel, ferrous metals and alloys, nonferrous metals and alloys, composite material, and ceramic (陶瓷) . And also tells about the failure analysis of mechanical parts, heat treatment of the steel. The failure analysis of mechanical parts includes the failure form and the damage of the surface. Failure form includes brittle （脆性） fracture, toughness（韧性） fracture and fatigue fracture. Toughness fracture means before the fracture there is a obviously plastic deformation but the brittle have not. The damage of the surface includes corrosion（腐蚀）, wear（磨损）and contact fatigue. 1．Several basic concept Failure means the mechanical parts lost its efficiency of design requirements 失效：机械零件失去它的尺寸要求 Deformation means under the external force, material have changed, in dimension and shape. 变形：在外力作用下材料在尺寸和形状上的改变 Stiffness (刚度) is a index to resistance the elastic deformation when the material is under the force. 刚度：材料受力时抵抗塑性变形的能力。刚度系数： Strength is a index to resistance the deformation and fracture. 强度：材料抵抗变形和断裂的能力 Hardness is a index to test whether the material is hard or soft.(HBW NRC) 硬度：是测试材料软硬的指标。布氏（Brinell hardness test），洛氏（Rockwell hardness test）布氏硬度实验：Brinell hardness test first selected the ball and the load that suit for the material and used the steel ball which pressed into the surface of the specimen material. For harder material the load can be as high as nearly 30000N, for softer can be reduced to 15000N. And full load normally applied for 10 to 15s. 计算公式calculated number of the BHN is：洛氏硬度测试实验：Rockwell hardness test First use a initial test force F0 press the indentation to the specimen(we set the depth h1), and then adding an main test force F1 on the F0 and keep it for a while. Then unload the F1, keep the F0(we set the depth h3). Because the result that h3 minus h1 have the linear relati