Pediatric Pneumonia感染小儿肺炎课件.ppt

Outline Quiz Epidemiology and Pathophysiology Patient History Presentation and Diagnosis Management and Disposition Further Testing Complications Treatment Interventions to Protect Interventions to Prevent Summary Key Points Case Quiz Results Epidemiology and Pathophysiology Complications of Pneumonia Hyponatremia: Serum sodium 135 mmol/L. Studies in India (1992) revealed that in children hospitalized with pneumonia, 27% had hyponatremia and 4% had hypernatremia. SIADH was the most common cause of hyponatremia. Hyponatremia is associated with increased hospital stay, complications and increased mortality, however most cases were found to be mild. Reference: Pneumonia The Forgotten Killer of Children. Geneva: WHO/UNICEF, 2006. * References: British Thoracic Society (BTS) of Standards of Care Committee. BTS Guidelines for the Management of Community Acquired Pneumonia in Childhood. Thorax. 2002;57: i1-i24. Pneumonia The Forgotten Killer of Children. Geneva: WHO/UNICEF, 2006. * Reference: Up To Date. Outpatient treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children. [] Accessed on December 9, 2011. * Reference: Strauss WL et al. Antimicrobial Resistance and Clinical Effectiveness of Co-trimoxazole Versus Amoxicillin for Pneumonia among Children in Pakistan: Randomized Controlled Trial. Lancet. 1998;352:270-274. * Reference: Up To Date. Inpatient treatment of pneumonia in children. [] Accessed on December 9, 2011. * Reference: Atkinson M et al. Comparison of oral amoxicillin and intravenous benzyl penicillin for community acquired pneumonia in children (PIVOT trial): a multicentre pragmatic randomised controlled equivalence trial. Thorax. 2007;62(12):1102-6. * References: Campbell H et al. Trial of co-trimoxazole versus procaine penicillin with ampicillin in treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in young Gambian children. Lancet. 1988; 2(8621):1182-84. Sidal M et al. Trial of co-trimoxazole versus procaine penicillin G and benzathin penicillin an