人教版高中英选修九第6讲Unit3Australia语法篇.docVIP

Unit 3 Australia 语法篇 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 掌握表语的定义及运用； 掌握常考点：表语从句； 一. 表语定义 表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的-ing形式、副词、介词短语、形容词、不定式和从句等来充当。 二. 表语的作用及位置 表语是由系动词引导的主语补足语，补充说明主语。一般位于系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。 1）系动词：是表示不完全谓语关系的动词，常与后面的表语一起构成系表结构充当谓语。 2）be 动词是最常见的系动词，除动词be以外，还有一些后面可接表语的特殊连系动词，如：look, smell, taste, sound, feel, fall, come, go（变成…）, become, grow（渐渐地变化）, turn(变成，一般用于颜色), appear, seem, get, keep, remain, stay, prove等。 三. 分类例句 1. 名词，代词，数词用作表语： He finally became a successful pianist. My father used to be a football player. She is very tired and looks it. We are seven. 2. 形容词作表语，用来修饰说明主语: Time is precious to everybody. In time of danger, he remains calm. The dream will come true. The price sounds reasonable. The man is said to have gone mad. They stood still, saying nothing. ***形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如：afraid, asleep, ready, unable, alive, aware, glad, sorry, well, alone, sure。即可以说 “She felt glad.” 但不能说 “a glad woman”. 3. 副词用作表语： Are you there? The manager is out to dinner with the customers. He has been away from his hometown for many years. 4. 介词（短语）用作表语： Are you on duty today? Everything is in good order. She is in good health. They appear out of breath. 5. 分词用作表语： It’s surprising that you haven’t met. I’m so much surprised at it. They seemed disappointed at the news. Are you well prepared? 6. 不定式用作表语： All I could do was to wait. His job is to feed the animals. Our aim is to hold the 2008 Olympic Games in China successful. He seemed to be very tired. 7. 从句用作表语（表语从句）： 1) 由一个句子充当句子的表语, 这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释，是主语的内容具体化。相当于一个名词。表语从句两大要素： a. 除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。 b. 除that, whether 外的所有引导词都必须在从句中充当相应的成分。 2) 从属连词: that, whether/ if (是否)引导表语从句。 The trouble is that he has never done the work before. 麻烦在于他以前从未做过这样的工作。 The question is whether we should ask them for help. 问题在于我们是否应当向他们求助。 3) 连接代词: who, whom,