河外星系2.pptVIP

* (a) The Milky Way Galaxy possibly formed via the merger of several smaller systems. (b) Astronomers reason that, early on, our Galaxy was irregularly shaped, with gas distributed throughout its volume. When stars formed during this stage, there was no preferred direction in which they moved and no preferred location in which they were found. (c) In time, rotation caused the gas and dust to fall to the Galactic plane and form a spinning disk. The stars that had already formed were left behind, forming the halo. (d) New stars forming in the disk inherit its overall rotation and so orbit the Galactic center on ordered, circular orbits. * Download a great movie of star motions from: /~jlu/gc/images/orbits_pause.gif * Download a great movie of star motions from: /~jlu/gc/images/orbits_pause.gif * http://canopus.physik.uni-potsdam.de/~axm/photo.cgi?Image=images/mwpan45s_full This 360-degree panoramic view of the Milky Way has been assembled from sixteen 28 mm wide-angle photographs. The individual images were transformed to a cartesian frame based on galactic coordinates prior to assembly, thus eliminating the distortions introduced by the wide-angle lens. * 在希腊神话里，宙斯（Zeus)是希腊众神庙里的主神，即神上之神。希拉（Hera）是司理婦女和婚嫁之神，她既是宙斯的妹妹，又是宙斯的妻子，是众女神之神。希拉的奶汁是很神奇的，谁吮吸了她的奶汁，便会长生不老。宙斯不安分，暗地里又和有夫之妇爱克米那（Alcmene)私通，生下了赫克力司（Hercules)。宙斯希望赫克力司将来能长生不老，偷偷地把赫克力司放在睡着的希拉身旁，让赫克力司吮吸希拉的奶汁，谁知赫克力司吮吸太猛，惊醒了希拉，她发现吃奶的不是自己的儿子，便把孩子推开，因用力太猛，奶汁直喷到了天上，便成了Milk Way（奶路）。 * xkong@ * Remaining gas settled into spinning disk * xkong@ * Stars continuously form in disk as galaxy grows older Warning: This model is oversimplified * xkong@ * Detailed studies: Halo stars formed in clumps that later merged * xkong@ * (a) 银河系可能形成于小星系的并合 (b) 早期银河系形态不规则，恒星分布和运动应该是随机的(不并合时) (c)下落的气体和尘埃形成银盘和，老恒星在银晕(并合时) (d) 盘中新形成的恒星绕银河系中心转动 * xkong@ * What have we learned? What clues to our galaxy’s history do halo stars hold? Halo stars are all old, with a smaller proportion of heavy elements than disk stars, indicating that the halo formed fir