第1章 呼吸系统生理.pptVIP

vocabulary respiratory：呼吸 respiration：呼吸 expiration：呼气 inspiration：吸气 respiratory center：呼吸中枢 respiratory muscle：呼吸肌 inspiratory neurone：吸气神经元 diaphragm：膈肌 vocabulary upper airway：上呼吸道 lung：肺 pharynx：咽 larynx：喉 trachea：气管 bronchi：支气管 terminal bronchioles：终末支气管 respiratory bronchioles：呼吸性支气管 alveolar：肺泡 vocabulary intrapleural pressure：胸内压 functional residual capacity（FRC）： 机能余气量 vital capacity（VC）：肺活量 forced vital capacity（VC）：用力肺活量 residual volume（RV）：余气量 total lung capacity （TLC）：肺总容量 closing capacity（CC）：闭合容量 the minute ventilation：每分通气量 vocabulary arterial carbon dioxide tension： 动脉血二氧化碳分压 arterial oxygen tension：动脉血氧分压 cerebrospinal fluid：脑脊液 peripheral chemoreceptor：外周化学感受器 central chemoreceptor：中枢化学感受器 respiratory reflex：呼吸反射 vocabulary laryngospasm：喉痉孪 airway obstruction：气道阻塞 compliance：顺应性 surfactant：表面活性物质 surface tension：表面张力 hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction： 缺氧性肺血管收缩 vocabulary dead space：无效腔 anatomical dead space：解剖无效腔 respiratory quotient：呼吸商 oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve： 氧离曲线 Haldane effect：Haldane效应 Bohr effect：Bohr效应 second gas effect：第二气体效应 Lung Functions Lungs are a site for gas exchange with the external environment Regulation acid-base balance Lungs are a defence mechanism Lungs are a blood reservoir Serve a biosynthetic function 1.1.2 Lung Structure 1.2 Control of Respiration 1.3 Mechanics of Respiration 1.3.1 Lung Volumes 1.3.2 Compliance Both the lungs and the chest wall require a distending force, usually expressed as volume change per unit of distending pressure:compliance The compliance is approximately linear over most of the range, but is less when the lung is small and nearly fully inflated. The lung exhibits hysteresis, i.e. the compliance differs during inflation and deflation. This is due to the effect o