PowerPoint Presentation - Intensity resolution PowerPoint演示文稿-强度分辨率.pptVIP

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PowerPoint Presentation - Intensity resolution PowerPoint演示文稿-强度分辨率.ppt

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PowerPoint Presentation - Intensity resolution PowerPoint演示文稿-强度分辨率.ppt

Intensity representation1 Representation of the intensity of sound (or is it something else about efficiency?) Resolution and efficiency Contributors to inefficient listening Intensity resolution Inattentiveness Listening strategy “Physiological” noise Problem with measuring intensity resolution How do you separate bad performance from bad resolution? Resolution and efficiency Topics in intensity processing Absolute sensitivity Intensity discrimination Loudness Prenatal absolute sensitivity: measurement problems What is the stimulus that reaches the fetal ear? What is the stimulus that reached the fetal inner ear? What is the message in the fetal auditory nerve? Is the response to the sound or to the maternal response? Lecanuet et al. (1988) 37-40 wk gestational age fetuses 500, 2000, 5000 Hz octave bands of noise Speaker 20 cm above maternal abdomen (mother listens to music) 100, 110, 115 dB SPL 1 cm above maternal abdomen 5 second duration 5-15 min interstimulus interval High (“awake”) and low (“asleep”) HR variability Cardiac and motor responses (ultrasound) Prenatal cardiac responses to sound Prenatal motor responses to sound Weir (1979): Pure-tone thresholds of newborns Pure tones 125-4000 Hz, various intensities Delivered with insert phones Recorded respiration, heart rate and motor responses; scored as response or not offline Sensitivity expressed as d’ Pure tone thresholds of newborns Werner Gillenwater (1990): Pure-tone thresholds at 2-5weeks Observer-based method, but without reinforcement of infant response Tones presented with insert earphones Frequencies 500, 1000, and 4000 Hz, various intensities Pure-tone thresholds of 2-5-week-olds Trehub et al. (1991): Thresholds for octave-band noises, 1.5-3.5 mo Observer-based method, with no reinforcement 4-kHz noise band alternated from left to right speakers Observer responded “signal” or “no signal” Third-octave band thresholds, 1.5-3.5 months Olsho et al. (1988) Pure-tone thresholds 3-12 months Observer