霍乱课件_2.pptVIP

 DEFINITION Cholera was defined as Class A communi-cable diseases in the Law of the people’s Republic of China for Prevention and Control of Communicable Disease. It’s also one of the quarantinable diseases as stipulated by the International Health Regulation (IHRs) . DEFINITION Cholera is an acute infection of intestinal tract caused by Vibrio cholerae. Clinical characteristics: a sudden onset of severe watery diarrhea and vomiting, which lead to dehydration even hypovolemic shock. Appropriate fluid replacement is the key of treatment and greatly reduces mortality. ETIOLOGY Vibrio cholerae ETIOLOGY Culture sensitive to low PH tolerant in alkaline condition alkaline peptone water : incubated in stool or rectal swab specimen greater sensitivity Antigenic type flagellar H antigen somatic O antigen ETIOLOGY Classification V. cholerae O1* V. cholerae non-O1 V. cholerae (* agglutination in O1 group specific antiserum) V. cholerae O1 biotype classic biotype EL Tor O139 strain: agglutinate in O group 139 specific antiserum ETIOLOGY Only two serotypes: O1 and O139 strain cause epidemic Virulence: Cholera toxin (CT ) Resistance sensitive to dryness heat sunlight common disinfectants acid, especially gastric acid ETIOLOGY When conditions in the environment such as temperature, salinity and availability of nutrients are suitable, V. cholerae can survive for years in a free-living cycle without the intervention of humans. EPIDEMIOLOGY A disease of antiquity the ancestral home of biotype classic: the Ganges Delta of India subsequently spread to the world seven global pandemics: from 19th century to date the biotype classic : the initial six pandemics EPIDEMIOLOGY biotype EL Tor : recognized first at the EL Tor quarantine station in the Persian Gulf in 1911 biotype EL Tor : 7th pandemic whic