医学circulation1heartasapumpLW.ppt

The Heart as a Pump Characteristics of the heart muscle contraction Depending on concentration of extracelluar Ca2+ Diffusion of extracellar Ca 2+ into sarcoplasm (main source) Sarcoplasmic reticulum release of Ca 2+ Extracellular Ca 2+ strength of contraction Sarcoplasmic reticulum is less well developed and does not store enough Ca 2+ . 2. Cardiac muscle as a syncytium atrial syncytium and ventricular syncytium AP spreads immediately to whole atrium or ventricle entire atrium or ventricle contracts almost simultaneously Cardiac Pump Function  cardiac cycle: The cardiac events occurring from the beginning of the one heartbeat to the beginning of the next are called the cardiac cycle. Heartbeat: 60-100/min Time of Cardiac cycle: 0.8 second (75/min) cardiac cycle systole  diastole systole: period of contraction ejection diastole: period of relaxation filling Systole Period Diastole Period contraction relaxation Atrium 0.1s 0.7sVentricle 0.3s 0.5s Heart rate (HR) ↑ → diastole ↓↓,systole ↓HR ↓ → diastole ↑↑, systole ↑ Function of the ventricles as pumps MECHANICAL EVENTS OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE Atrial systole Ventricular systole ＊ Isovolumic ventricular contraction ＊ Ventricular ejection Ventricular diastole ＊ Isovolumic ventricular relaxation ＊ Ventricular filling Atrial systole (a “primer” pump) Atrium contracts Ventricle relaxed Atrium pressure increases (ApVp，AopVp) A-V valve opens Semilunar valve closed Blood flow from atrium to ventricle Contraction of atrium increases filling of ventricle (25%). This phase lasts about 0.1s. Ventricular systole 0.3s