发育课件.ppt

14. Paraxial（轴旁） and intermediate mesoderm（中胚层） 演讲：王秀革 The mesoderm will be seen to generate all the organs between the ectodermal wall and the endodermal tissues. 神经胚时期中胚层可分成5个区域: 1. 脊索中胚层（chordamesoderm）形成脊索 2. 背部体节中胚层（somitic dorsal mesoderm）即轴旁中胚层形成体节和神经管两侧的中胚层细胞 3. 中段中胚层（intermediate mesoderm）形成泌尿系统和生殖器官 4. 侧板中胚层（lateral plate ）形成心脏、血管、血细胞以及体腔衬里和除肌肉之外的四肢所有中胚层成分 5. 头部间质（head mesenchyme）形成面部结缔组织和肌肉 The mesoderm of a neurula-stage embryo can be divided into five regions. The first region is the chordamesoderm（脊索中胚层）. This tissue forms the notochord, a transient organ whose major functions include inducing the formation of the neural tube and establishing the anterior-posterior body axis.The second region is the paraxial mesoderm (or somitic dorsal mesoderm). The cells in this region will form somites（体节）, blocks of mesodermal cells on both sides of the neural tube that will produce many of the connective tissues of the back (bone, muscle, cartilage, and dermis). The third region,the intermediate mesoderm, forms the urogenital system（泌尿生殖系统）. Farther away from the notochord, the lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to the heart, blood vessels, and blood cells of the circulatory system, as well as to the lining（衬里） of the body cavities and to all the mesodermal components of the limbs except the muscles. It will also form a series of extraembryonic membranes that are important for transporting nutrients to the embryo.Finally, the head mesenchyme （头部间质）contributes to the connective tissues and musculature of the face. Paraxial Mesoderm: The Somites and Their Derivatives One of the major tasks of gastrulation（原肠作用） is to create a mesodermal layer between the endoderm and the ectoderm.The formation of mesodermal and endodermal（内胚层） organs is not subsequent to neural tube formation, but occurs synchronously. The notochord extends beneath the neural tube from the base of the head into the tail. On either side of the neural tube lie thick ba