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Smart Machining Systems Program Goal Develop metrology methods and standards that enable U.S. industry to characterize, monitor, and improve the accuracy, reliability and productivity of machining operations, leading to the realization of autonomous smart machining systems. Problem Coalition on Manufacturing Technology Infrastructure (CTMI) identified an urgent need for “enabling dramatic improvements in the productivity and cost of designing,planning, producing, and delivering high-quality products within short cycle times.” CTMI identified thrust areas in process defi-nition and design, smart equipment/process control, fundamental understanding of process and equip-ment, health monitoring/assurance and integration framework. It also stated that metrology and standards are key enablers of these thrust areas. This program aims to facilitate the development and validation of such measurement methods and stan-dards. A successful program will enable the smart machining systems to cost effective manufacture the first and every part to specification and on schedule. Approach The program focuses on developing a methodology for seamlessly integrating all science-based under-standing or representation of material removal processes and machining system performance to carry out dynamic and global optimization. There are three programmatic focus areas: (1) performance characterization and representation; (2) process opti-mization and control; and (3) condition monitoring. Modern metrology instruments allow development of new machine tool performance characterization techniques. Goal Develop, validate, and demonstrate the metrology, standards, and infrastructural tools that enable U.S. industry to characterize, monitor, and improve the accuracy, reliability and productivity of machining operations, leading to the realization of autonomous smart machining systems. Customer Need Intended Impact Machining systems are used for discrete part and tooling fabrication and hen