英语五个基本句式和句子成分.docxVIP

英语五个基本句式及句子成分（basic?sentence?patterns?and?different?components?）??前言：这份资料是老师非常认真整理出来的，请大家，特别是基础比较差的同学一定要从头至尾认认真真看几遍，慢慢消化当中的知识点，对你们学好英语一定会有很大的帮助的！！?So?why?not?have?a?try?一、Different?components:?（各种成分）英语的句子成分跟中文的句子成分很像的，主要包括下面这些：?1.?主语??subject?(简写S)??????2.谓语??predicate??分为：intransitive?verb?（vi）/??transitive?verb?(vt)?3.?宾语??object?(分为：direct?object??/?indirect?object?)??(简写O)?4.?宾补??object?complement?(简写OC)??5.?状语??adverbial?????6.?表语??predicative?????7.?定语??attributive????##?：No?matter?how?long?the?sentence?is,?it?consists?of?some?of?these?components.????不管多长的句子，都是由这些成分当中的一些所构成的。???1、?主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词(numeral)，动词不定式，动名词,从句等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！??eg:?The?boy?comes?from?America.?（名词作主语）?He?made?a?speech.?（代词作主语）?Two?and?two?is?four.?（数词作主语）??To?be?a?teacher?is?my?dream.?（不定式作主语）??Doing?a?research?is?a?necessary?step?of?covering?a?story.?（动名词作主语）??That?he?is?admitted?to?a?key?university?is?known?to?us?all.?(从句作主语，也就是我们说的主语从句)??中文里“某人做某事”做主语时，常用以下句式：?to?do?sth??????????To?be?a?teacher?is?my?dream.?doing?sth??????????Teaching?is?his?job.???That/when从句????That?he?hopes?to?be?a?teacher?is?known?to?us?all.??Sb’s?doing?sth??????His?being?a?teacher?makes?him?proud.It?……?for?sb?to?do?sth???It?is?important?for?us?to?study?English?well.??It?is?no?use?/?good?doing?sth??It?is?no?use?crying.It????从句。????It?is?known?to?us?that?he?wants?to?be?a?teacher.2.?谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。?1）谓语可以是不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，这就形成主谓结构，??We?come.?(vi)???Many?changes?took?place?in?my?home?town.?(不及物动词短语)???2??注（以下这些词是不及物动词：表发生、出现的，如：take?place,?appear,?happen,?break?out;?表来、去，如：come,?go?等）??2）?谓语可以是及物动词（vt.）后面跟宾语，形成主谓宾/?主谓双宾结构3.?宾语：宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外，名词，动名词，不定式等可以作宾语。?I?will?do?it?tomorrow.?（代词作宾语）??????????????????The?boy?needs?a?pen.?（名词作宾语）??I?like?swimming.?（动名词作主语）???????????????????I?like?to?swim?this?afternoon.?（不定式作宾语）??I?don’t?doubt?that?he?will?succeed?one?day.?(从句作宾语，也就是宾语从句)??注意点??☆??特殊的同源宾语现象:?作宾语的名词，跟前面谓语动词属于同一词源，