喷枪结构对低温超音速火焰喷涂颗粒飞行特性影响.docVIP

喷枪结构对低温超音速火焰喷涂颗粒飞行特性影响 　　摘要： 　　建立了低温超音速火焰喷涂传热和流动模型，对喷涂过程的焰流和颗粒的运动加热历程进行了模拟分析.研究了三种不同结构的喷枪对焰流速度与温度分布、不同粒径颗粒飞行特性的影响.模拟结果表明，粒径为20 μm的Cu颗粒在撞击基板时能达到临界速度，且温度低于熔点，有利于沉积并减少了颗粒氧化；枪管的扩张率对喷涂颗粒的速度影响不大，而对颗粒温度的影响较大；延长扩张段的长度代替平直枪管有利于在保证颗粒速度的同时提高颗粒的温度. 　　关键词： 　　低温超音速火焰喷涂； 喷枪结构； 颗粒飞行特性； 数值模拟 　　中图分类号：TK 124 文献标志码：A 　　Influence of torch geometry on particles behavior in the 　　low-temperature oxygen-fuel spray process 　　SHEN Cui-hong，SHAN Yan-guang 　　（School of Energy and Power Engineering，University of Shanghai for Science and Technology， 　　Shanghai 200093，China） 　　Abstract： 　　The Low-Temperature Oxygen-Fuel spray process （LTOF） is a modification of High-Velocity Oxygen-Fuel （HVOF）.In this paper，a two-dimensional mathematical model was established to simulate the heat and momentum transfer between the supersonic flow and particles in LTOF.Three nozzles of different type were studied and the effects of nozzle structure on the temperature field and velocity distribution of the gas were investigated.In addition，the velocity and temperature of copper particles were acquired.The simulation results showed that Cu particles of 20 μm diameter can reach the critical velocity when they hit the substrate and their temperature is lower than the melting point，which is beneficial for forming high-quality coating.The nozzle expansion rate has little effect on the particle velocity，but it has a great influence on the particle temperature.Increasing the length of nozzle expansion can increase the particle temperature. 　　Key words： 　　low-temperature oxygen-fuel spray； torch geometry； particle behavior； numerical simulation 　　传统超音速火焰喷涂（High Velocity Oxygen-Fuel spraying，HVOF）焰流温度在3 000 K以上.喷涂颗粒在沉积时通常已处于熔融或者半熔融状态.这种方式制备的涂层结合强度高、致密，涂层性能优越，但是在很多情况下高温的焰流可能造成喷涂材料的氧化、相变或其它化学反应，同时高温也可能对喷涂基体造成损伤[1]，不适合喷涂容易氧化和相变敏感性材料（Cu、Ti及其合金），且熔融颗粒容易堵塞喷枪，易对超音速火焰喷涂设备造成影响.在20世纪80年代，Papyrin等提出了冷喷涂（Cold Spray）的概念.这种喷涂技术依赖高速气流携带的动能，沉积时喷涂颗粒保持固体状态，粒子以纯塑性变形沉积形成涂层，对颗粒的速度（500～1 200 m·s-1）要求很高，工作气体的预热温度一般低于600℃，涂层孔隙率大，与基板