基于四叉树孤立分割和屏幕误差地形LOD算法.docVIP

基于四叉树孤立分割和屏幕误差地形LOD算法 　　摘要： 为解决静态和动态细节层次模型存在的数据冗余度大、精度判断标准单一和层次切换跳跃感强的问题，提出了基于四叉树孤立分割和屏幕误差的地形LOD（level of detail）算法.采用该算法，针对于规则格网，通过地形瓦片分割和数据预处理减少实时阶段计算量，利用四叉树孤立分割消除结点间依赖关系，并构建保守性屏幕误差评价标准以弱化视觉跳跃感，最后采用添加拆分点和高程平均值法消除相邻瓦片和结点间裂隙.实验结果表明：该算法能较好解决常规方法中存在的问题；可满足大规模地形实时三维显示的要求；实时显示计算量小，帧速可保持在0.03 s以内. 　　关键词： 虚拟现实；四叉树；屏幕误差；裂隙；细节层次模型 　　中图分类号： P208文献标志码： ALOD Algorithm of Terrain Based on Conservative 　　Screen Error and Isolated Division of QuadtreeZHANG Junfeng，YAO Zhihong 　　（School of Resource and Environment， North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power， Zhengzhou 450011， China） 　　Abstract：In order to deal with the problems of enormous data redundancy， single evaluation standard of precision and strong scene of jumping at level switch in static and dynamic level of detail models， an algorithm for regular square grid was proposed. This algorithm reduces the complex computation in realtime expression through terrain tile partition and data preprogressing， and eliminates dependencies between nodes using isolated division of quadtree. By building up an evaluation standard based on conservative screen error， jumping feeling is weakened greatly. Finally， cracks between adjacent tiles and nodes are eliminated easily by adding split points and averaging elevation value. Experiment results show that this algorithm has abilities to overcome the shortcoming of the conventional methods and meets the requirements of 3D realtime expression of largescale terrain. Furthermore， amount of calculation for realtime display is small and frame speed is within 0.03 s. 　　Key words：virtual reality； quadtree； screen error； crack； level of detail model 　　地形三维场景的实时快速显示是虚拟现实的基础内容，也是关键的核心环节之一[1]，在一般硬件条件下如何实现实时动态显示一直是一个重点研究领域，细节层次模型（level of detail，LOD）就是其中的典型代表算法.从LOD提出到现在，静态LOD是最常用的方法，它多基于金字塔结构或瓦片结构离散生成若干个精细度不同的模型副本供实时调用[25]，简单是其最大优点，但模型切换时视觉跳跃感较强，且在单一时刻分辨率处处相同，数据冗余度很大.针对静态LOD的缺点，动态LOD通过自下而上或自上而下的遍历顺序，依据一定的误差规则确定分割或合并次序，地形显示自由度大，数据冗余度较小[69].但由于采用结点依赖关系消除裂隙，导致相邻区域的结点层次相互影响，且算法较复杂