Unit 9 Proportion and Variation单元9的比例与变化.docVIP

Unit 9 : Proportion and Variation Learning Objectives Students should be able to apply the k-method to solve various problems concerning ratio and proportion state the meaning of direct variation solve problems involving direct variation state the meaning of inverse variation solve problems involving inverse variation describe joint variation as a product of several quantities solve problems involving joint variation express partial variation as a sum of several quantities solve problems involving partial variations  1. Proportion If a : b = c : d, then a, b, c and d are said to be in proportion. Example 1 x, 4, 5 and 8 are in proportion, find x. Solution is equivalent to 8x = 4 ( 5, so x = __________ Example 2 Given , show that (a) (b) Solution Let a = bk c = dk for some constant k (a) (b) Example 3 (a) If , show that = (b) Hence solve the equation . Solution : (a) Let p= qk, r = sk L.H.S. = = R.H.S. = = =L.H.S. (b) y = ______________ 2. Review on Direct Variation If two quantities x and y are so varying that the ratio of y to x is always a constant, then y is said to vary directly as x. The relation may be written yx and read as ‘y is proportional to x’ or ‘y varies directly as x’. Hence if yx then = k (k = constant) or y = kx. The graph of y against x is a straight line passing through the origin and its slope represents the variation constant k. Example 4 The area of an isosceles right-angled triangle varies directly as square of the length of the side. If the area is 18 cm2 when the length of the side is 6 cm, express the area in terms of the length of the side; (b) find the area of an isosceles right-angled triangle with side 5 cm. Solution (a) Let A be the area of the triangle and l be the length of the side. Since A varies directly as the square of the length, A ( l2 and A = kl2 When l = 5, A =