关于碳正离子的论文.doc

摘要：在自然界中存在着许多有机化合物，它们每时每刻都在发生着变化，而许多的反应都是多步完成的。在这些过程中存在着一个或多个活性中间体。论证这些活性中间体存在及它们的结构是研究有机反应机理的重要环节。由于有机化合物发生的反应不同，化学键断裂方式也不同，它们的活性中间体也不同，其中最多的活性中间体有碳正离子、碳负离子、自由基、碳烯、苯炔等。碳正离子是有机化学反应过程中产生的活性中间体，它的稳定性及立体构型甚至直接决定着化学反应产物的产生速度和产率。然而活性中间体碳正离子的寿命是极其短暂的，一个反应机制的主要内容就是说明一个中间体的形成和消灭的过程，活性中间体的形成和消灭的过程也就是一个反应的反应机制，因而得到这些活性中间体的证据及碳正离子稳定性理论，成为研究有机反应机制的一个重要重要成果。本课题针对碳正离子的存在和结构确定碳正离子的生成、碳正离子的稳定性及对反应的影响等进行探讨。更加深化碳正离子存在的反应的机理，同时通过对碳正离子的稳定性的原理的应用指导有机合成路线的选择和设计。 关键词：碳正离子；稳定性；碳正离子的制备； Abstract: In nature, there are many organic compound, they zhongsheng changes take place in the reaction, and many are multistep finish. During these exist one or more active intermediates. Argument these active intermediates existence and their structure is an important link of organic reaction mechanism. Because of organic compounds, chemical reaction happened in different ways, they have different fracture of active intermediates also different, most of them have carbon cation, active intermediates carbon anion, radical, carbon ene, benzene alkynyl etc. Carbon cation is organic chemistry reaction produces in the process of the active intermediates, its stability and stereo configuration even directly determines the reaction products production speed and yield. However active intermediates carbon cation lifespan is extremely short, the main contents of a reaction mechanism is to show the formation and destroy a intermediates, active intermediates process of formation and wiped out a process is also the reaction mechanism, obtaining these active intermediates evidence and carbon cation stability theory, the study of organic reaction mechanism becomes an important important achievements. This subject is the existence of positive ions on carbon structure and determine the generation, carbon carbon positive ions from that of the positive ions stability and influence on the reaction, etc are discussed. To deepen existing reaction carbon positive ions, and based on the mechanism of carbon the stability of the po