Restoration Period and the 18th Century 恢复期与第十八个世纪.pptVIP

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Restoration Period and the 18th Century 恢复期与第十八个世纪.ppt

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Restoration Period and the 18th Century 恢复期与第十八个世纪

Restoration Period and the 18th Century(1660-1798) Monarchy Charles II—marked beginning of Restoration Period Exiled to Europe—invited back after Oliver Cromwell’s death Set the tone of upper-class social political life Tried to emulate the sophistication splendor of Louis XIV’s court in France Reestablished Church of England Parliament—shared power with Monarchy Disasters Great Plague—1665 Last major outbreak of bubonic plague Killed an estimated 100,000 people (20% of London’s population) Great Fire of London—1666 Uncontrolled fire that lasted for 3 days in central London Destroyed over 13,000 homes and numerous government buildings Few deaths recorded Political Parties Tories Supported royal authority Did not want war with France Whigs Wanted to limit royal authority with wealthy merchants and nobles Wanted to limit French expansion in Europe and North America Other Royalty House of Stuart English Bill of Rights—put specific limits on royal authority William Tried to oppose Louis XIV with Whig support Began series of war with France Act of Settlement—Parliament law that permanently barred Catholics from throne Anne—last monarch in House of Stuart Faithfully ruler who united Scotland England Other Royalty (continued) House of Hanover (Germany) Disliked by Tories George II instituted 1st official prime minister Seven Years’ War with France Britain acquired Canada George III wanted more control Angered many due to thirst for power Lost American colonies due to political blunders The Age of Reason Enlightenment People began to use scientific reasoning to understand the world Apply reason so people could understand the natural causes of events Scientific Method Developed by Sir Isaac Newton Still used today Analyze facts Develop a hypothesis Test the hypothesis with experimentation Enlightenment Philosophies Inspired by Newton’s discoveries John Locke Encouraged people to use their intelligence to rid themselves of unjust authorities Rejected divine right of kin