不同环境空气中颗粒物水平及其对肺功能的影响探讨-discussion on particulate matter levels in different ambient air and their effects on lung function.docxVIP
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不同环境空气中颗粒物水平及其对肺功能的影响探讨-discussion on particulate matter levels in different ambient air and their effects on lung function
PM10以夏季最低,其余春、秋、冬三季的PM10水平接近。汉口地区环境空气颗粒水平的变化趋势与汉阳地区类似,秋冬季的PM2.5明显高于春季和夏季,PM10也以夏季最低,其余三季水平接近。分析原因,可能与气象条件有很大的关系。由于武汉地理环境和气候的影响,春、夏季的地表温度高于秋冬季的地表温度,在地表与大气之间温差会影响空气的流动速度,因此春、夏天的空气扩散会较大;此外,武汉地区春、夏季雨水较多,可降低环境空气中颗粒物的水平。秋冬季的燃烧和取暖也是PM升高的可能原因生产过程产生的颗粒物浓度远远高于社区环境空气颗粒物浓度,即使在陶瓷企业采取各种措施降低粉尘浓度后,陶瓷厂工种场所的评价颗粒物浓度是社区的15倍以上。通过对武汉社区和某陶瓷企业年龄、性别匹配的各800名人群进行肺功能测定,结果显示陶瓷企业工人的肺功能主要指标均低于社区人群,陶瓷厂肺功能障碍比例(85.5%)高于武汉社区(51.5%),肺通气障碍以限制性通气障碍最多,推测与颗粒物粉尘暴露引起肺部炎性反应或纤维化,导致肺顺应性降低有关。按《劳动能力鉴定--职工工伤与职业病致残等级》(GB/T16180-2006)排定肺功能损伤,结果陶瓷企业肺功能损伤比例(76.5%)也高于社区居民(26.9%),差异具有统计学意义。说明高水平生产颗粒物对肺功能损伤更为严重。本课题在环境颗粒物监测基础上进行其对肺功能影响的研究,为全面评价空气颗粒
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