博洛尼亚进程下德国高等教育改革分析-analysis of german higher education reform under bologna process.docxVIP

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the higher education all over the world has common-development and the convergence characteristics, and the reform of higher education has become one of the hottest issues in the field of education research. Europe began the reform of higher education called the Bologna Process in 1999, starting with the integration of the European higher education resources regional alliance transition to the international competition under the internationalization. To enhance the attractiveness and competitiveness of higher education in Germany, join the Bologna process is an important measure. German take the education system reform as a breakthrough to reproduce its glory, during this period, achieving lots achievements along with many challenges .German higher education reform under the Bologna process has important revelation on the development of Chinese higher education: the development of Chinese higher education should combined with actual local conditions, promote university cooperation within the region,andpromotetheintegrationofresourcesofhigher education, improve their international competitiveness; establish with the credit system, promote mobility and eliminate barriers to mobility; establish quality assessment and accreditation system of higher education; adhere to internationalization. By implementingthe reform, comprehensive promote internationalization of highereducation in China.KeyWords ： Germanhighereducation， BolognaProcess ， Internationalization1 绪论1.1 问题的提出 在高等教育全球化的大背景下，博洛尼亚进程是欧洲在高等教育领域的一次前所未有的重大改革。博洛尼亚进程是建立欧洲统一高等教育区的进程，是欧洲二战以来 最重要、涉及面最广的高等教育改革。博洛尼亚进程对欧洲高等教育、国际高等教育 都产生了重要影响。在博洛尼亚进程中，德国政府对其高等教育进行了一系列的改革， 德国高等教育国际竞争力获得了大幅度提升，在经济社会发展中发挥了积极的促进作 用。德国的高等教育发展上与我国有一定的相似之处，都是向国际化、市场化方向转 变，使得两国的高等教育发展存在相似的趋势，如积极与国际接轨，重点从数量转为 质量等。德国与我国都面临着高水平人才流失，高校国际竞争力不强，科研环境薄弱 等问题，相似性使得两国可以相互吸取经验与教训，研究德国高等教育改革对我国高 等教育的发展具有借鉴意义。德国高等教育在博洛尼亚进程中的的改革，吸引了世界 各国高等教育学者的关注，国内外许多学者对德国的高等教育改革进行了研究。改革开放以来，我国高等教育与世界高等教育的联系逐渐加强，政府先后制定了 一系列相关政策和措施，启动了若干资助项目，设立了“教育部留学服务中心”