不同前茬对烤烟干物质累积的影响及其营养调控分析-effects of different preceding stubble on dry matter accumulation of flue-cured tobacco and analysis of its nutrition control.docxVIP

3.4.2营养调控对不同前茬烤烟农艺性状的影响···········································343.4.3营养调控对不同前茬烤烟叶片叶绿素含量的影响··································353.4.4营养调控对不同前茬烤烟吸氮量的影响··············································363.4.5营养调控对不同前茬烤烟产量、产值和纯利润的影响···························373.4.6营养调控对不同前茬烤烟品质的影响················································383.5营养调控对不同前茬烤烟生长产量和质量的影响（红大品种）····················393.5.1营养调控对不同前茬烤烟烟株生育期进程的影响·································393.5.2营养调控对不同前茬烤烟烟株农艺性状的影响···································393.5.3营养调控对不同前茬烤烟产量产值的影响·········································403.5.4营养调控对不同前茬烤烟品质的影响···············································414讨论··································································································424.1不同前茬对烤烟干物质累积的影响························································424.2营养调控对不同前茬烤烟干物质累积差异影响研究···································445结论···································································································46参考文献································································································47致谢···············································································52摘要以烤烟K326品种为材料,通过4年的田间试验研究了云南昆明5种不同前茬烤烟(即大麦茬、小麦茬、冬闲茬、绿肥茬和油菜茬烤烟)干物质累积差异及其原因(2006～2007在石林和寻甸，2009～2010和2011～2012在寻甸)；并结合优质烟干物质累积规律探讨不同营养调控措施对不同前茬烤烟干物质累积的影响(2011～2012在寻甸，2012.4～2012.10在嵩明和禄劝—红大品种)，以使烟株更能早生快发，后期适时落黄成熟和提高烟叶产量及质量。研究结果表明：不同前茬烤烟生物量、不同生长阶段干物质净累积量、干物质累积贡献率和干物质日累积强度在烟株生长的中后期各年度均以绿肥茬＞冬闲茬油菜茬大麦茬和小麦茬。上茬作物收获以后土壤供氮量为绿肥茬冬闲茬油菜茬大麦茬和小麦茬。绿肥茬和冬闲茬烤烟土壤氮素供应较多，烟株吸收较多的养分，在后期氮素供应依旧偏多，使烤烟后期生长旺盛，烟叶难以落黄采烤，绿肥茬、冬闲茬烤烟施氮量应明显减少，其中尤以绿肥茬为最多。油菜茬植烟土壤依旧存在氮素供应较多的问题，应相对减少氮肥用量。土壤钾素则以大麦茬、小麦茬烤烟相对较多，难以被烟株吸收利用，应相对减少钾肥用量。以保证五种前茬烤烟干物质累积规律更加符合优质烟干物质累积规律。营养调控试验的做法为油菜茬、冬闲茬、绿肥茬分别减施氮肥9%、17%、25%，大麦茬、小麦茬减施钾肥10%。油菜茬、绿肥茬、大麦茬和小麦茬营养调控处理在中期能够累积更多的干物质，在后期能适时成熟和落黄，更为符合优质烟干物质累积规律。4种前茬营养调控不仅不影响烤烟的正常生长发育、落黄成熟，烤后烟叶产量、产值和利润皆以营养调控处理高于常规施肥处理，烟叶质量也以营养调控处理优于常规施肥处理，上述不同前茬都有一致规律。而冬闲茬营养调控处理烟株前期营养生长较弱，后期营养生长较强，产量、产值和利润相应减少，烟叶品质也较差。2012年对嵩明冬闲茬烤烟和禄劝大麦茬烤烟营养调控效果做了进一步的验证。结果表明：大麦茬和冬闲茬烤