疵点检测实时算法分析及硬件实现-real - time algorithm analysis and hardware implementation of defect detection.docxVIP

华中科技大学硕士学位论文华中科技大学硕士学位论文II摘 要布匹疵点检测是影响纺织行业生产效率和质量的重要环节之一。目前国内大多 数企业仍由人眼目测完成该项工作，使得布匹质量缺乏一致性和可靠性，无法适应 纺织业的发展需求，检测自动化是唯一的解决途径。作为对人类视觉的延伸，计算 机视觉技术随着数字集成电路技术和数字图像处理技术的发展，已经在布匹疵点检 测等工业表面检测领域受到了越来越多的青睐。本文首先介绍了视觉检测系统的构成要素，分析了系统所要满足的性能要求——实时性和有效性。有效性的保证主要来自算法的合理选择，实时性更加依赖于高 效的硬件设计。文章综述了布匹疵点检测算法的研究和应用现状，将它们分为空间 域和频率域两类方法，通过对两种典型算法的研究，比较它们各自的优缺点以及分 析它们用于在线检测所存在的问题，提出了将两者结合的思想。人眼对于疵点的第一反应是其破坏了整个布面图像的全局一致性，本文提出的 算法以此为出发点，利用图像子块的局部粗糙度来衡量图像的各个部分是否具有全 局一致性，以此来判断图像中是否含有疵点。小波变换可以突出疵点而弱化纹理背 景，图像融合与图像增强进一步达到了这一目的，有效的增加了这一方法的准确性。 最后针对不同类型的布匹和疵点，用 Matlab 仿真证明了算法的有效性。选择 FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)作为算法实现的核心器件，是因为它 不但具备了普通 DSP 器件的硬件乘法器资源，而且它的结构非常适合并行算法的实 现，可根据算法人为增加任意级数的流水线操作，使系统具有更大的吞吐量，达到 实时检测的目的。利用 Altera 公司提供的仿真功能给出了算法在硬件上实现的时序， 验证了系统的实时性。关键词：实时检测，疵点，FPGA，小波，图像融合，图像增强IIIIAbstractFabric defect detection is one of the most important procedures effecting the manufacturing efficiency and quality in fabric industry. So far, most domestic factories accomplish this work by human vision, which makes the quality of fabric devoid of consistency and reliability. It was incompatibility with the development of textile industry. Inspection Automation is the best resolution. As a prolonged functionality of human vision, computer vision has been collecting more and more favor in the application of industrial surface detection such as fabric defect detection with the advances of digital integration and digital image processing techniques.In this thesis, the main elements which consist of the vision system are firstly introduced. Then the performance requirement is analysis as to emphasize the key futuresof research —— effective and real-time. The appropriate arithmetic can insure theefficiency. The real-time performance requires not only appropriate arithmetic but also advanced hardware. The fabric defect detection algorithms in the researches and applications are summarized and are conclude to two fields of method, space and frequency. Typical examples in the t