重复,重复,重复――有效重复修辞策略.docVIP

重复,重复,重复――有效重复修辞策略 　　Needless repetition is deadly―no two ways about it[毫无疑问]. It’s the kind of clutter[杂乱] that can put to sleep a circus full of hyperactive children[过动儿]. But not all repetition is bad. Used strategically[战略性地]， repetition can wake our readers up and help them to focus on a key idea―or， at times， even raise a smile. 　　When it came to practicing effective strategies of repetition， rhetoricians[雄辩家] in ancient Greece and Rome had a big bag full of tricks， each with a fancy name. Here are six common strategies. 　　毫无疑问，不必要的重复是没有出路的。这是一种能让一整个马戏团的过动儿都昏昏欲睡的杂乱。但并不是所有的重复都是不好的。如果运用得当，重复也能唤醒我们的读者，还能帮助他们集中到一个中心思想――或者，偶尔，甚至能博得一笑。 　　提到应用重复的有效策略，古希腊和罗马的雄辩家们可以抖出一大袋子的技巧来――每一个技巧都有其奇特的名称。来看看以下六种常用策略吧！ 　　Repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive[连续的] clauses or verses[诗节]. 　　This memorable[难忘的] device appears most famously throughout Martin Luther King’s I Have a Dream speech. Early in World War II， Winston Churchill relied on anaphora to inspire the British people： 　　“We shall go on to the end， we shall fight in France， we shall fight on the seas and oceans， we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air， we shall defend our Island， whatever the cost may be， we shall fight on the beaches， we shall fight on the landing grounds， we shall fight in the fields and in the streets， we shall fight in the hills； we shall never surrender[投降].” 　　相同的词语或词组重复出现在连续几个从句或诗节的开头。 　　这个令人难忘的用法贯穿于马丁?路德?金的演讲《我有一个梦想》中，极负盛名。早在第二次世界大战期间，温斯顿?丘吉尔就应用首语重复法来激励英国人民： 　　“我们决不气馁，我们要坚持到底。我们将在法国作战，我们将在海上和大洋中作战，我们将在空中作战，而且越战越勇，越战越强。我们将不惜任何代价保卫本岛，我们将在海滩上作战，我们将在（敌人的）登陆点作战，我们将在田野和街头作战，我们将在山区作战；我们决不投降。” 　　Repetition of an idea several times in different words. 　　If you’re a fan of Monty Python’s Flying Circus注1， you probably recall how John Cleese used commoratio beyond the point of absurdity[荒谬] in the Dead Parrot Sketch： 　　“He’s passed on！ This parrot is no more！ He has ceased[停止] to be！ He’s expired[期满] and gone to meet his maker！ He’s a stiff[死尸]！ Ber