浅谈虚拟语气几种常见句型.docVIP

浅谈虚拟语气几种常见句型 　　动词的语气表示说话人的态度和看法，可分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。陈述语气用来陈述说话人认为是事实的事情，有肯定，否定，疑问，感叹等形式。祈使语气用来说明说话人的请求命令等。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。是高中语法中一个非常重要的部分。但是很多同学对于虚拟语气掌握不透、不准，做题容易出错。现在对于虚拟语气的常见题型总结如下。 　　一、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用。条件句分为两类：真实条件句和虚拟条件句 　　1.如果假设的情况很有可能发生，就用真实条件句，使用陈述语气。 　　If he has time，he will come. 　　He wont succeed unless we plan well. 　　2.如果假设的情况发生的可能性不大或不可能发生，则用虚拟条件句。虚拟条件句分为一下几种。 　　A：与现在事实相反. 　　条件从句的谓语动词用动词过去式（be常用were） 　　（主句谓语动词用Would/should/could/might+动词原形） 　　If I had enough money，I would buy a car=I havent enough money，and I cant buy a car. 　　B：与将来事实相反 　　条件从句的谓语动词有三种：动词过去式、Should+动词原形、Were to+do。 　　主句谓语动词用Would/should/could/might+动词原形 　　If it were to rain/should rain/rained，the crops would be saved. 　　C：与过去事实相反 　　条件从句的谓语动词用Had+（done）动词过去分词 　　主句谓语动词用Would/should/could/might+have done. 　　If you had studied hard（at that time），you would have passed the exam. 　　D：有些条件句中的主语谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子成为错综时间条件句。 　　If you had repaired the house yesterday，it wouldnt be wet now. 　　If I were you，I wouldnt have missed the movie last night. 　　E：有时虚拟语气的条件是通过词或短语表示出来的。用without，but for，in the absence of（要不是，如果没有）表示条件，句子一般用虚拟语气。 　　Without your help.I couldnt finish my work on time. 　　But for the storm，I would have arrived much earlier. 　　In the absence of water and air，nothing could live. 　　Our life would be difficult without electricity（if there werent electricity）. 　　F：有些句子虽不含条件从句，但仍用虚拟语气，这种句子称为含蓄条件句。 　　I would do anything for her. 　　You might have succeeded. 　　We could have won the game. 　　二、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 　　1.动词wish后的宾语从句 　　Wish后接宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望，译为“可惜……，要是……就好了。但原……”。 　　I wish I were ten years younger now. 　　I wish I had met him yesterday. 　　I wish I would be a scientist. 　　2.在表示请求、建议、命令、要求等的动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可以省略，常见的这类动词有： 　　suggest，insist，order，require，advise，demand，command，ask，request，propose等。 　　He suggested that we （should） be there in time. 　　The doctor advised that he （should） change his job. 　　I asked that she （should） leave