英语四级 培训资料 代词应用.pptVIP

Chapter Seven Pronouns Wang Mengjing, SFS, CUMT 2010.4.26 I代词的语法意义 代词是代替名词和相当于名词的词 II代词的分类，词法特征及用法 代词可分为九类： ①人称代词—personal pronoun ②物主代词—possessive pronoun ③反身代词—self pronoun ④指示代词—demonstrative pronoun ⑤相互代词—reciprocal pronoun: each other; one another; ⑥疑问代词—interrogative pronoun? Eg. who, whom, whose, which , what ⑦关系代词—relative pronoun Eg. who, whom , whose,? which,? that,? as ⑧连接代词—conjunctive pronoun Eg. who, whom , whose,? which,? that,? as ⑨不定代词—indefinite pronoun Eg. some; any; all; somebody; nothing; （一）人称代词 1人称代词的语法意义 用来代替人或事物的名称的词叫做人称代词 2人称代词的词法特征 人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，单数第三人称还有性的区别。 （1）人称代词的形式 I /me; you/you; he/him; she/her; it/it; we/us; you/you; they/them; （2）人称代词在句中的作用 ①主语 I am a cock. You are a teacher. She is a nurse. They are college students. ②宾语 a直接宾语 We all like him very much. My father taught me to grow cotton. b间接宾语 The sun gives us light and heat. He gave me an injection of penicillin. c介词宾 语 The students are listening to her attentively. The League Secretary had a talk with me last night. ③表语 --Who is it? --It is me.?? 注： ①人称代词we, you, they有时可用来泛指一般人 We eat to live, not live to eat. You should keep calm even when you are in danger. They say there’s going to be another good harvest this year. They don’t allow us to smoke here. ②she可以用来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机、地球、月亮等，以表示亲切。 China is a socialist country. She is one of the biggest countries in the world. The aircraft moved slowly forward…She became airborne and she rose clean as a swallow. ③在动词be后作表语的人称代词，在正式文体中一般用主格，但在口语和非正式文体中，多用宾格。如果跟有who或that引导的从句则应用主格，但在非正式英语中也可用宾格。 It is I.→It is me. It is they.→It’s them. Was that she?→Was that her? It is I who did it.→It is me who did it. ④在并列的主语中，I总放在最后，以示尊重别人。 ?My mother and I drove in the campus. ⑤诗歌中有一些古体人称代词 ?thou—你（主格）; thee—你（宾格）；ye—你们（复数）； 3 it的主要用法 （1）用作人称代词 ①指人以外的一切生物和事物，无阴阳性之分。 ? I threw the ball to him and he caught it. ? Fish inhabits under water. It swims with its tail. ②指婴幼儿及未知的人 ? The baby cried because it was hungry. ? The child smiled when it saw