氯酚混合物的分离和2,4-d废水的处理研究-separation of chlorophenol mixture and treatment of 2,4 - d wastewater.docxVIP

中文摘要 中文摘要 I I 摘 要 2,4-D 属于苯氧羧酸类除草剂，它作为世界上最先工业化的高效选择性有机 除草剂，因其良好的除草效果和便宜的价格从 20 世纪 40 年代就开始在世界广泛 应用。本论文对 2,4-D 生产工艺中的中间体氯酚混合物进行提纯研究，并且对最 终产生的废水进行分离与回收研究。 对中间体氯酚混合物采用解离萃取脱水沉淀的方法，即在氯酚混合物中加入 甲苯和碱，利用 2,6-二氯苯酚和 2,4,6-三氯苯酚的 pKa 值比 2,4-二氯苯酚大，在 将水除尽后会优先成盐析出。再对抽滤所得滤液采用液液萃取的方法，去除部分 2,6-二氯苯酚和 2,4,6-三氯苯酚，使得最后甲苯溶液中 2,4-二氯苯酚的含量达到 97%左右。而且萃余水相可以重复萃取 1 次后再加适量碱，作为碱液重新反应， 使得 2,4-二氯苯酚的收率达到 97%左右。 用此方法处理可以有效地提高 2,4-二氯苯酚的含量，减少后续反应中其他杂 质对原料的消耗；而且可以通过循环反应，尽量提高 2,4-DCP 的收率，达到节 约成本的目的。 对生产中排放的 2,4-D 废水采用液液萃取的方法，将废水中有机物分为两类 提取出来：其一为氯酚混合物，它的相对百分含量能占到 90%左右，作为生产原 料；其二为氯代苯氧乙酸混合物，其百分含量也能占到 90%左右。 这种新的方法能使废水中的有机物得到较有效的分离并提取出来；且处理后 的废水 CODCr 值大幅下降，降低了废水对环境的危害。 关键词:氯酚混合物，2,4-D 废水，分离，提纯 英文摘要 英文摘要 II II Abstract 2,4-D is a kind of chlorophenoxy acetic acid which can weed. It was industrialized and applized from nineteen fortieth in the world firstly, because of its good effect and low price. The purification of chlorophenol mixture, the separate and recover material from 2,4-D wastewater were discussed in this paper. The chlorophenol mixture can de treated with distillation extraction dewatering that is adding methylbenzene and alkali. When water is removed, the impurity substances become salt firstly and separate out. All this is owing to the pKa of 2,6-DCP and 2,4,6-TCP greater than 2,4-DCP. After filtrating, the filter liquor is treated with extraction that can remove some 2,6-DCP and 2,4,6-TCP again. At last, the content of 2,4-DCP reaches 97% and recover efficiency comes to 97% in the methylbenzene. This method can increase the content of 2,4-DCP, so that raw material has high utilization. Because of the circle reaction, recovery efficiency of 2,4-DCP can improve and reduce expenses. 2,4-D wastewater can be separated into two classifies with extraction. The one classify is chlorophenol mixture whose content reaches 90%, also can be used as the raw material; the other one is chlorophenoxy acetic acid whose content reaches 90%. This new method can separate and recove useful materials from