略论汉代文人对屈原的接受——以拟骚作品为中心-on the acceptance of qu yuan by literati in han dynasty - centered on the works of pseudo - sao.docxVIP

II II 摘 要 接受美学认为：作品的意义是在读者的阅读中逐步得到实现的，作品的价值 体现在所有读者欣赏、评论的总和中。汉代拟骚作品对屈骚的接受包括对屈骚丰 富蕴含的逐步解读、文体层面的继承与新变以及对屈原生平、经历的挖掘与补充， 与汉代的屈骚评论相互补充，共同深化了对屈原的接受。 汉代拟骚作品一方面吸收、继承前代接受成果，一方面力求突破与创新，不 断揭示出屈骚丰富蕴含的新方面。屈子的被疏见放、不遇之悲、愤世情怀、高蹈 远游成为共同书写的主题；但受时代思想、思潮以及个人身份、经历、情感等因 素的影响，又表现出个性化特征。大体来说：《哀时命》重在不遇之悲与发愤抒 情的表现；《招隐士》主要描写屈子放逐环境的寂寥和心境的孤独徘徊，视屈原 为“隐士”；《七谏》揭示了屈骚的讽谏用心和讽谏艺术；《九怀》反复展现了屈 骚的游仙主题；《九叹》深化了屈骚宗族情怀与爱国精神之间的关系；《九思》调 和屈骚忠君与怨君的情感，将屈子塑造成一个忠臣介士形象。 汉代拟骚作品是在以传释经观念影响下的文学创作，是以诗体韵语的形式对 屈原生平及屈骚的解读。同时，拟作在语词、句式、修辞手法、体式等方面均受 到屈宋辞的影响，继承和丰富了楚辞创作；但受主流赋体文学的影响，又表现出 重铺排罗列、描写细致、以及骈偶化、整饬化、平典化的倾向。 汉代拟骚作品中蕴含有反映屈原生平的资料，其或合于史传所载，或与屈骚 相印证，或为别据史料而可补史传之阙，或为对屈骚的误解。梳理这些材料，对 于屈原生平经历的认识具有一定的意义与价值。 关键词：屈原；汉代；拟骚作品；接受 III III Abstract Reception aesthetics believes that the meanings of arts is being realized in the readers’ reading comprehension and the value of arts is being embodied in the sum total of all readers’ appreciation and comment. The imitation of sao in the Han Dynasty consist of interpretation of profuse contains about sao, inheritance and innovation of literary style, excavation and arrangement of Qu Yuan’s life, which with the comments of Qu-Sao jointly deepen the acceptence of Qu Yuan. The imitation of sao in the Han Dynasty absorb and inherit results of previous generation and attempt to breakthrough and innovation in order to reveal the profuse contains of Qu-Sao. Sadness of having no opportunities to be successful and wandering posture become the common theme, yet the individualized feature manifest influenced by times thoughts, personal identity, experience, emotion, etc. In general, sad for no success and the determined lyrics are exhibited in Ai Shi Ming; hallucal environment and lonely mood are described in Zhao Yin Shi; allegorical feeling and allegorical art of Qu-Sao is revealed in Qi Jian; the theme of fairy wondering is unfolded in Jiu Huai; the relationship between lineage feelings and patriotic spirit is deepened in Jiu Tan; Qu Zi is built into a loyalist by conciliating the feeling of royalism