美国宪政模式的变迁——以公民权citizenship为中心的考察-changes in the constitutional mode in the united states - an investigation centered on citizenship.docx

PAGE PAGE 5 equality of citizenship and right of political participation were guaranteed by constitution at this time, although the procedure of reconstruction was not that smooth due to the precedents of U.S. Supreme Court and the center were shifted from civil right to political right. When reconstruction was completed, a constitutional pattern which centered on equal participation of citizens were set up. The third chapter focuses on the constitution development and the change of pattern of Constitutional government of Progressive Era, New Deal and Civil Right Movement. After the Progressive Movement, the driving force of American constitution development is the constantly interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment, but actually the rising of social citizenship give new chance of development to American constitution development. Although After Roosevelts New Deal, the leadership of American constitution development were shifted from the Supreme Court, the President, National Assembly, the core is constantly centered on the requirements of a welfare state. This pattern was not regularized by new amendment, but Constitutional government pattern made the requirements of social rights a dominant position. After civil right movement, a constitutional pattern which centered on social citizenship were set up. The fourth chapter gives an introduction of the influence by Diverse citizenship to Constitutional government development since President Reagans political reform. With a Background of globalization, global climate issues, gender issues, equality issues, rich-poor divide issues, immigration issues and terrorism and so on have become questions that all nations and countries should face. Citizenship had become more diversified and was still lacking in a unified system theme, and with a new constitutional pattern to be made, the new constitutional pattern of the USA is likely to be like Proteus and full of possibilities. The fifth chapter gives detailed info