南宁平话师公戏的仪式与象征分析-ritual and symbolic analysis of nanning pinghua teachers public drama.docxVIP

南宁平话师公戏的仪式与象征研究摘要南宁平话师公戏与纯粹的戏剧表演最本质的区别在于它根植于一定的民间信仰，并与仪式、民俗紧密结合。本研究以南宁平话师公戏表演过程中所展演的一系列仪式，如开坛仪式、架桥请圣、打草喂神马、驱鬼逐疫、祈雨仪式、与“花”相关的仪式、存兵集将等为研究对象，描述仪式的展演过程，从象征人类学的视角解读仪式的象征符号及其隐喻。开坛仪式是平话师公戏正式开演前的必经程序，须由举行过“度戒”仪式的师公主持施行。架桥请圣演绎的是迎神降临的过程，鲁班架桥让神灵沿着桥降临人间，“桥”成为连接人与神的纽带。以纸马象征“神马”，喂“马”吃草；以黄茅草人象征妖魔鬼怪、牛鬼蛇神等“脏东西”，师公将之驱赶逐出；令旗在整个存兵集将仪式中充当支配性象征符号，它象征集结的号令，又象征军令与兵权，师公将之交托给地方保护神，让它们能够调兵遣将，保卫地方太平，这些都是隐喻性模仿的逻辑在师公戏仪式中的具体运用。在平话人的民间信仰中，“花”象征人，认为人由花幻化转世，由花催生，白花象征男性，红花象征女性，由此衍生赞花、散花、求花、安花、还花等一系列与“花”相关的仪式，诠释着南宁平话人“花人合一”的生I命哲学观。关键词：平话师公戏仪式过程象征符号隐喻THESTUDYONTHERITUALANDSYMBOLICOFNANNINGPINGHUASHIGONGDRAMAABSTRACTThemostessentialdifferencebetweentheNanningPinghuaShiGongdramaandthepuredramaperformancesisthatitisrootedinsomefolkbeliefs,andiscloselyrelatedwiththeritualandfolkcustoms.ShiGongisapowerfulsorcererintheGuangxicivilsociety.ThisthesischoosesaseriesoftheritualofNanningPinghuaShiGongdramaasthestudyobjects,suchasthebeginningritual,buildingbridgeandinvitinggods,mowinggreengrasstofeedthe“horses”,drivingoutghostsfromhouses,rewardingtheThor,“flower”rituals,conveningthegods’troops.Theauthortriestodescribealltheseritualprocesses,andinterpretsthesymbolsandmetaphorsoftheritualsfromtheperspectiveofsymbolicanthropology.Theauthorwillfocusonillustratingaseriesofsymbolandmetaphorintheperformingritualsituations.Theopeningceremonyisthenecessaryprocedurebeforetheperformancesstart,itshouldbeconductedbyaShiGongwhohasalreadyfinishedtheinitiationrite.Buildingbridgeandinvitinggodsdisplaystheprocessofgreetingdeities.LuBan,whoisconsideredasthegreatestoftheancientChinesecarpenter,buildsupabridgeforthegodscrossing.Thebridgecontributestothecommunicationbetweenhuman-beingandgods.Thepaperhorsesareregardedassacredhorseswhicharepresentedtothegods.The“men”whoaremadeofcouchgrassareusedastheevilspirits,whichareexpelledfromhousesbyShiGongsothattheycan’thauntathomeanddoeviltohuman.Theflagsplayakeyroleintheritualsituation,theynotonlysymbolizethesignofsummoning,butalsostandformilitaryorderandpower.ShiGongsubmitstheflagstogodsdevoutly