山东地区大叶藻的保护遗传学与繁殖生物学初步分析-preliminary analysis of conservation genetics and reproductive biology of leaf algae in shandong province.docxVIP
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山东地区大叶藻的保护遗传学与繁殖生物学初步分析-preliminary analysis of conservation genetics and reproductive biology of leaf algae in shandong province
群99.68%的变异来源于种群内部,而0.32%的变异来源于种群间;Mantel测试表明5种群遗传距离与地理距离之间没有相关性;遗传多样性最低的是莱州湾种群,应该得到优先保护;遗传多样性较高的是俚岛种群和汇泉湾种群,可以作为山东地区海草场移植修复的首选种群。三、对大叶藻不同生长状态的生殖枝进行离体培养,探究室内暂养大叶藻离体生殖枝获取成熟种子的可行性,观察并描述了大叶藻离体生殖枝的开花、传粉、种子成熟、种子萌发、幼苗发育的动态过程以及大叶藻生殖枝、成熟种子、胚的解剖结构。实验结果表明:大叶藻生殖枝的结构对海水环境是高度适应的;花柱的形态变化是大叶藻开花过程的显著特点;大叶藻种子胚的结构较特殊,“U”型子叶包裹胚根、胚芽、胚轴,这导致了其特有的萌发过程;为了不错失种子收集良机,在不了解某地区大叶藻物候特性时,提前采收生殖枝并进行室内培养,是一种获取大叶藻种子的有效方法。四、以大叶藻早期发育阶段的3个发育时期为研究对象,利用液相氧电极技术对光合作用与呼吸作用进行了研究。结果表明:大叶藻早期发育阶段对外界环境因子的变化较为敏感,不同发育时期对呼吸作用的影响极显著(p<0.01),随着发育的推进暗呼吸速率对盐度的响应越不显著;温度、盐度、光合有效辐射对净光合速率的影响极显著(P<0.01),3因素之间的交互作用极显著(P<0.01),影响顺序为温度(F=42.264)>盐度(F=18.142)>光合有效辐射(F=7.699);低温(5℃、10℃)环境下大叶藻净光合速率对盐度更敏感,而在高温(20℃、25℃)环境下,其对光合有效辐射更敏感;高温(25℃)高盐(45)胁迫与低温(5℃)高盐(45)胁迫下大叶藻“幼叶期”的净光合速率偏低且出现负值。大叶藻早期发育阶段的生理生态特性有别于成体植株;通过对大叶藻早期发育阶段的深入研究,科学地划分大叶藻发育时期;根据每个时期的不同生理特性调节外部培养条件,以快速获得大叶藻优质苗株。关键词:大叶藻遗传多样性有性繁殖早期发育呼吸作用光合作用PreliminaryStudiesonConservationGeneticsandBreedingBiologyofZosteramarinaalongShandongProvinceABSTRACTTheecologicalinvestigationwasperformedinAugusttoOctober2011.Basedonmorphologicalcharacteristics,theITSsequenceinformationwasadoptedtoidentifiedtheZostraceaesamples.Theresultsshowedthattherewerethreekindsofspecies;namely,Zosteramarina,Zosterajaponica,Phyllospadixiwatensis.Amongthem,Zosteramarinadistributedwidely.ItdistributedmottledinLaizhouBay,sporadicallyinHuiquanBayand,grewinalargestretchalongthecoastofLiIsle,XiaoshiIsleandChuisland.Zosterajaponicaarelessdistributed,showingamottleddistributioninLaizhouBay,asporadicdistributioninGuangrao;Phyllospadixiwatensiswithapatchydistribution,onlywasfoundinShilaorenBeachinQingdao.ThesurveyalsofoundthatseagrassbedsofZostraceaealongShandongPeninsulacoasthavebeendamagedandhavedegeneratedinvaryingdegrees.WhilealongthecoastofLiIsle,XiaoshiIsle,ChuIsle,Zostraceaedistributedinalargestretch,inotherinvestigatinglocationitshowedapatchyorsporadicdistribution.Specially,seagrassbedsofZostraceaealongRizhaocoastwascompletelydestroyedwithoutanyZostraceaespeciespresenting.RandomamplifiedpolymorphicDNA(RAPD)molec
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