水平连铸-连续挤压al-fe-cu合金组织与性能研究-study on microstructure and properties of al - fe - cu alloy by horizontal continuous casting and continuous extrusion.docxVIP

摘要随着我国电力工业的快速发展，工业、民用建筑、城市基础设施用电线电缆需求量大幅增加。Al-Fe-Cu合金导线由于具有质轻、高导电率、良好的抗蠕变性和耐腐蚀性等优点，成为替代铜导线的优选铝合金导体材料。本文采用XRD、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)显微组织分析，以及拉伸试验、蠕变实验、硬度和电导率测试等手段对水平连铸和随后Conform连续挤压Al-Fe-Cu合金组织和性能进行研究，探讨水平连铸和连续挤压制备铝合金导体新工艺的实用效果。主要研究结果如下：(1)Al-Fe-Cu合金水平连续铸造过程中，由于热耗散分布导致晶粒在横向和纵向上的取向不同；合金中的第二相主要为Al3Fe相，网状分布在晶界上和部分不规则状分布在晶粒内部。合金经Conform连续挤压后发生了动态回复和动态再结晶，晶粒变为均匀细小的等轴晶，改变了晶体取向分布；同时，合金中粗大的第二相破碎，应变诱导Al7Cu2Fe相析出且弥散分布，使得合金的力学性能和电学性能明显改善。(2)与纯铝和退火铜相比，Conform连续挤压Al-0.63Fe-0.24Cu合金在90℃/76MPa状态下有良好的抗蠕变性能，这与合金中弥散分布的耐热相Al3Fe和Al7Cu2Fe阻碍位错运动，降低蠕变速率有关；蠕变特性分析表明初始蠕变与时间呈对数关系。(3)当Fe含量从0.63%增加到1.20%时，合金中第二相Al3Fe粒子的数量显著增多，水平连续铸造和连续挤压的合金晶粒组织变细，其抗拉强度、屈服强度和硬度增加，但伸长率和导电性有一定的降低。连续挤压Al-Fe-Cu合金的断裂机制为韧窝聚集性断裂，高Fe含量使断裂韧窝数量增加，尺寸变小。关键词：Al-Fe-Cu合金；水平连铸；连续挤压；蠕变行为；组织；性能AbstractWiththerapidgrowthofnationalpowerindustry,thedemandofwireandcableforindustrialconstruction,civilconstructionandurbanconstructionincreasegradually.Al-Fe-Cualloyconductorofferssignificantadvantagessuchaslightweight,highelectricalconductivity,andgoodresistancetocreepandcorrosionbyaddingalloyelementsFe,Cu,Mg,etc.Thusithasbeenanoptimalalternativeofthecopperandwidelyusedforurbanbuildingcablewires.Inthispaper,theX-raydiffraction(XRD),opticalmicroscope(OM),scanningelectronmicroscope(SEM),transmissionelectronmicroscope(TEM),tensiletest,hardnesstestandcompressedcreeptestwereappliedtostudythemicrostructureandpropertyofAl-Fe-CualloyconductorpreparedbythenewmethodincludingthehorizontalcontinuouscastingandsubsequentConformprocesses.Throughthestudy,thepraticaleffectofthisnewmethodwasdiscussed.Themainresultsareasfollows:Duetothethermaldissipationconditionduringthehorizontalcontinuouscasting,thegrainsizeandorientationbetweenthetransversesectionandthelongitudinalsectionareverydifferent.AstheprimarysecondphaseofAl-Fe-Cualloy,Al3Fephasesaremainlydistributedalonggrainboundariesinnetwork.Thedynamicrecovery(DRV)andevendynamicrecrystallization(DRX)duringConformdeformationinducedobviousgrainrefinement,strain-inducedprecipitationoftheAl7Cu2Fephas