生物塑料聚乳酸pla及聚3 羟基 co 4 羟基丁酸酯p34hb性能改进研究-study on performance improvement of pla and p34hb of poly ( 3 - hydroxy - co - 4 - hydroxybutyrate ).docx
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生物塑料聚乳酸pla及聚3 羟基 co 4 羟基丁酸酯p34hb性能改进研究-study on performance improvement of pla and p34hb of poly ( 3 - hydroxy - co - 4 - hydroxybutyrate )
摘要聚乳酸是一种具有较高拉伸强度和模量的热塑性高分子,由于其抗冲击性能较差,后期结晶现象明显等缺点,大大限制了PLA的应用领域。为了克服这些缺点,改善PLA的结晶性能和抗冲击性能等综合性能,本论文选择同为完全生物可降解的聚3-羟基丁酸-co-4-羟基丁酸酯(P3/4HB)来对PLA进行共混改性。在P3/4HB共聚物中,随着4HB单元的增加,共聚物由结晶性的硬塑料(e.g.5%4HBcontent)向富有弹性的橡胶态(e.g.30%4HBcontent)过渡,将PLA和3种不同4HB含量的P3/4HB(P(3HB-co-10%-4HB)、P(3HB-co-20%-4HB)、P(3HB-co-32.4%-4HB))按照不同比例进行共混。研究这3种P3/4HB以及P3/4HB的含量对PLA结晶性能力、抗冲击性能等综合性能的影响。实验结果表明:当结晶温度为95℃时,P(3HB-co-32.4%-4HB)可以将PLA的半结晶时间从26.53min降为5.92min。对于PLA/P(3HB-co-20%-4HB)共混体系,当P(3HB-co-20%-4HB)的添加量为20wt%时,共混材料综合性能良好:拉伸强度44.21Mpa,弹性模量2.85Gpa,断裂伸长率82.78%,冲击强度17.02KJ/m2。此外,为了降低PLA和P3/4HB的使用成本,在保证材料具有完全降解性的前提下,加入其他成本低廉的有机或无机粒子如碳酸钙、植物纤维、滑石粉、硅灰石、淀粉等以达到协调PLA的强度和韧性同时降低制品成本的目的。本文中选择具有片状结构的滑石粉和针状纤维结构的硅灰石,和P3/4HB一起来增韧增强PLA,研究发现用硅烷处理的滑石粉填充可以大大提高复合材料的拉伸性能和冲击强度,但断裂伸长率却大大降低,硬脂酸处理硅灰石复合体系的断裂伸长率却能保持在较高值,因此我们用硅烷处理滑石粉和硬脂酸处理硅灰石按照一定比例进行复合填充,可以同时发挥具有片状结构的滑石粉的增强作用和针状纤维结构的硅灰石的增韧作用,得到强度和韧性比较平衡,综合性能良好的共混材料,例如,将滑石粉和硅灰石按照3:1复合,当填充含量为20%时,其拉伸强度为41.88Mpa,弹性模量为3.45Gpa,冲击强度达39.03KJ/m2,断裂伸长率达21.42%。虽然对PLA和P3/4HB两类材料的研究都有很多,但将PLA和3种4HB含量的P3/4HB按照不同比例进行熔融共混,并对其综合性能进行系统对比分析还未见报道,此外,将滑石粉、硅灰石单独填充或滑石粉和硅灰石复合填充PLA和P3/4HB,以达到协同增韧增强PLA的目的,还没有人做过这样的研究,本研究中制备的复合材料还具有一定的热收缩性,可以制备热收缩制品。关键词:聚乳酸,聚3-羟基丁酸-co-4-羟基丁酸酯,滑石粉,硅灰石,硅烷偶联剂,硬脂酸,共复合、增强增韧AbstractPoly(lactide)PLAisakindofthermoplasticpolymerwithhightensilestrengthandmoulus.thepoorimpactresistanceandlatercrystallizationlimititsdevelopmentandpracticalapplication,Weblendthebiodegradablepoly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)(P3/4HB)withPLAtoovercomethesedefectsofPLA.ThephysicalpropertyofP3/4HBisfromsemi-crystallizationplastics(e.g.5%4HBcontent)toamorphouselastomers(e.g.30%4HBcontent)dependingonthe4-hydroxy-butyrate(4HB)content.Inthiswork,threekindsofP3/4HB(P(3HB-co-10%-4HB)、P(3HB-co-20%-4HB)、P(3HB-co-32.4%-4HB))werechosen,PLAwasblendedwithP3/4HBwithvarious4HBmolarcontentsbymeltmixing,WestudiedtheeffectsofP3/4HBwithvarious4HBcontentsandP3/4HBcontentsonthecrystallizationbehaviorsandmechanicalpropertiesofPLA.ExperimentalresultsindicatedthatTheP(3HB-co-32.4%-4HB)coulddecreasethecrysta
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