时标上几类动力方程和动力包含解存在性与振动性-existence and oscillation of some dynamic equations and dynamic inclusion solutions on time scales.docx

??????论??▼???和??????书?期:2010?4??者:?丹丹??:?■上???力??和?力????⑧????????:数???????:????论??▼???????:??????论????????独立??研?工?????研???.除????■?引???◆?,?论?不??其?????◆???▲?研???.对???研??出贡③???和?◆,均?????????■?.????④???????旦.?者??:???期:??论???????书?????????????????论????,?:????????■???部⑨???①???论?????和????,★◆论????和??.??????????将??论???部?部??◆????数据?????,??采???????扫?????段?⑧?????论?.同????■???术??研??将???论??????■??论???数据??,?通▲?络???公??供??服务.?者??:????:???期:???期:(?????论???.?论?????不??,?论??▼?▲??.)Chapter1IntroductionBackgroundAstherenownedAcademicianVonNeumannpointout,themaintaskofscienceisnotonlytoexplainthephenomena,buttoestablishmodels.Accord-ingtoEncyclop?diaBritannica,amathematicalmodelisdefinedas?eitheraphysicalrepresentationofmathematicalconceptsoramathematicalrepresen-tationofreality”.Inthescientificresearchandindustrialproductions,peopleoftenhavetoseekthefunctionalrelationshipbetweenvariableswhichstandforobjectivethings.Differentialequationsarisefromthesepracticalproblems.Ev-erysubjectshavedevelopedfastinthepasthalfcentury,suchasMechanics,Thermodynamics,Biology,Chemistry,Automaticcontroltheory,Economics,Electronictechnology,Biomathematics,whichmakeitpossibleforagreatnum-berofdifferentialequationstocometothefore.Wearefamiliarwithsomefamousexamples,MalthuspopulationmodelinPopulationDynamics,predator-preydynamicsysteminBiology,satellitemotioninAstronomy([100])andsoon.Differenceequations,areconsideredtodescribethediscretephenomenainnature,manifestthemselvesasmathematicalmodelspicturingreallifesituationsinprobabilitytheory,queuingproblems,statisticalproblems,economics,psy-chology,sociology,ect.Thetheoryofdifferencehasgrownatanacceleratedpaceinthepastdecade.AsAgarwalstates,differenceequationsnowareoccupyingacentralpositioninapplicableanalysisandwillnodoubtcontinuetoplayanimportantroleinmathematicsasawhole.Wereferthereaderto[2,39,61]forexcellentintroductiontodifferenceequations.Itisknowntoallthat,usingdifferencemethod,wecouldgetdifferenceequationsfromdifferentialequations.Itisnaturaltoaskiftheproperti