甲状舌管囊肿1ppt课件.pptVIP

Female,67y painless mass in the anterior neck for one week ;;Thyroglossal duct cyst,;The thyroid gland, which is the first endocrine gland to develop in the human embryo, initially appears in the floor of the pharynx. From this point, the thyroid descends to its normal adult position. The thyroglossal duct is a canal that connects the tongue to the thyroid during its descent in the embryo. While this duct normally atrophies, remnants of the duct may persist as cysts along its course. Up to 62% of these ducts contain ectopic thyroid tissue. ;Thyroglossal duct cysts may arise during the fifth week of embryonic life after the descent of the thyroid gland from the base of the tongue to its position in the neck..? The cyst can be located anywhere from the foramen caecum (base of tongue) to the suprasternal region: 25% occur in the suprahyoid region, 15% at the level of the hyoid and 65% below the level of the hyoid bone. When it occurs above the hyoid bone it is often in a midline location. If infrahyoid, the cyst can be midline or slightly off-midline in location ;Pathway of the thyroglossal duct. Drawing shows a lateral view of the embryologic thyroglossal duct from the foramen cecum through the developing hyoid bone to the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid. If the duct fails to involute completely, a thyroglossal duct cyst may result, with 80% of these lesions being at or below the level of the hyoid bone. ;The thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common congenital neck mass, accounting for 70% of congenital neck anomalies, and the second most common benign neck mass, after benign lymphadenopathy. About 50% of patients present before 20 years of age, with a second group of patients presenting in young adulthood. Rare cases of hereditary thyroglossal duct cysts have been reported; typically, these cysts have an autosomal dominant pattern of transmission and occur in prepubertal girls. ;There is no sex predominance. 65% of patients present before the age of 30. The compo