美国研究生课程-工作激励-工作态度1.pptVIP

Job Attitudes March 18th, 2014 Finishing Up Culture… What does culture do? Defines Boundaries Conveys Identity Facilitates Commitment Enhances the stability of the social system Sense-making Organizational Climate Shared perceptions of organizational members about their organization and work environment “Team spirit” of the organization Strongly related to job satisfaction, job involvement, commitment, and motivation Many types of climate Culture as a Liability Culture can be potentially dysfunctional Institutionalization: when an organization takes on a life of it’s own– it is valued for itself, and not the goods or services it produces Barriers to… Change: When shared values don’t agree with those that further org effectiveness Diversity: Diverse behaviors and unique strengths typically diminish as individuals assimilate Acquisition and mergers How employees learn culture Culture is transmitted to employees through Stories Rituals Material Symbols Language Creating an Ethical Culture… Management should…. Be visible role models Communicate ethical expectations Provide ethical training Visible reward ethical behavior Provide protective mechanisms Creating a Positive Culture! Management should… Build on employee strengths Reward more than it punishes Emphasize vitality and growth Job Attitudes What is an attitude? An evaluative statement or judgment concerning objects, people, or events Three components Cognitive Affective Behavioral The Components of an Attitude Negative Attitude towards supervisor Cognitive My supervisor gave a promotion to a coworker who deserved it less than me. AffectiveI dislike my supervisor! Behavioral I’m looking for other work Attitudes Behavior Early research assumed that attitudes were causally related to behavior Cognitive Dissonance: An incompatibility an individual may perceive between two or more attitudes, or between attitudes and behavior Cognitive Dissonance Moderators of Attitudes Importance of the attitude The attitudes corre