诺贝尔医学奖论文剖析ppt课件.ppt

Gajdusek获诺贝尔奖的研究思路郭 雄 教授 西安交通大学医学院公共卫生系 ;The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1976for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases;Born;Daniel Carleton Gajdusek an American physician and medical researcher who was the co-recipient (with Baruch S. Blumberg) of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1976 for work on Kuru, the first human prion disease demonstrated to be infectious.;Gajdusek had suggested the existence of slow viruses, novel viruses that seemed to remain dormant for long periods of time before attacking the body. The concept of slow viruses emerged from Gajduseks studies of Kuru, a degenerative brain disease found among the Fore people of Papua New Guinea. The slow viruses were eventually implicated as the causative agents of other diseases, including Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and mad-cow disease.;诺贝尔奖论文;非常规型病毒（朊病毒）与库鲁病的起源与消除;Daniel Carlton Gajdusek 丹尼尔·卡里顿·盖达塞克 1923 出生New York 1955 参与Kuru研究工作(33岁) 1976 获诺贝尔医学奖(53岁) for work on Kuru, the first human Prion disease Stanley B. Prusiner 1997年获诺贝尔医学奖主(55岁) 1942 美国中西部出生 1972 神经科住院医师 (30岁) 1982年发表于Science的论文 『引起羊搔症的传染性新蛋白质粒子』 Prion：一种不含核酸的传染性蛋白质或 少量核酸外围包有紧密的蛋白质外壳;目 录; ● 主要科学问题;;海绵状脑病; Central Nervous System Failure;人类可传播性海绵样脑病;Kuru is a rare and fatal brain disorder that occurred at epidemic levels during the 1950s-60s among the Fore people in the highlands of New Guinea. ;●库鲁病（Kuru病,“Kuru”在该部落意 为“恐惧”或“寒颤”，故称该病为 库鲁病；● 地方性分布，主要在发生New Guinea 的Fore部落区；  ● 患者总数约3万；1957-1961年发生 1000例，以女性和未成年儿童居多； 成年男性为2% ● 死亡率高，19世纪50年代200例/年;病 死率达50-100%；;最初阶段：病人感到头疼和关节疼。 中期阶段：数周之后出现行走困难，并伴随着肢体颤抖。 晚期阶段：病人会丧失记忆。死前伴随大笑。 震颤、共济失调、脑退化痴呆,竭而死亡；丧失运动能力，言语含糊及无意识地狂笑，最后不省人事而死亡。;Carleton Gajdusek in Agakamatasa in 1978;A woman with advanced Kuru. (a) For stability, the patient holds a steel rod implanted in the ground. She shows frontal lobe