投切电容器用40.5kv真空灭弧室的结构仿真与优化-structural simulation and optimization of 40.5 kv vacuum interrupter for switching capacitors.docxVIP
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投切电容器用40.5kv真空灭弧室的结构仿真与优化-structural simulation and optimization of 40.5 kv vacuum interrupter for switching capacitors
摘要摘要随着真空开关的广泛应用,真空开关投切电容器重燃问题进一步突显,针对这个问题,从90年代就提上日程开始研究,但是经过了十多年的努力,至今投切电容器重燃也还是真空开关显著的缺陷,与投切电容器组的低重燃率(零重燃)要求差距仍较大,可靠性较差。真空开关投切电容器组重燃问题是当前国内真空开关行业亟待解决的主要问题之一。本文通过对投切电容器用真空灭弧室重燃现象的特点进行分析研究发现,真空灭弧室的内部电场分布不均,以及断口的真空间隙击穿是导致真空开关投切电容器组重燃的直接原因。本文首先简要回顾了国内外真空灭弧室的发展历史与现状,综述了真空灭弧室的基本设计理论和工艺方法,根据目前的发展水平与研究现状、存在的几个主要问题,引出本文的研究内容与目标。本研究按照正规产品设计的思路,给出40.5kV真空灭弧室设计的基本参数,以此为基础进行模拟仿真分析,系统、全面地对40.5kV真空灭弧室内部的各个关键零件进行整体优化设计,运用电磁场理论、有限元计算方法和最优化理论,实现真空灭弧室电场结构的优化,减少击穿弱点,提高总体重燃临界电场。电场结构设计方面改变主屏蔽筒、端屏蔽罩、触头等内部元件的几何参数,使灭弧室内部电场分布更均匀。电容器组具有频繁投切的特点,真空开关在投切电容器组时由于质量不稳定,发生多次重燃产生高幅值重燃过电压,导致电容器组大批损坏,产生电容器爆炸事故。本课题针对投切电容器组的特殊要求,40.5kV等级真空灭弧室切电容器问题已成为当今真空开关市场应用的瓶颈。本课题重点研究如何改善40.5kV等级真空灭弧室的设计结构和优化制造工艺,目标通过从真空灭弧室的结构仿真与电场分析、关键零件材料选用、制造工艺以及后工序老炼处理等各方面分析和实验,找出对灭弧室投切电容器的影响因素并采取措施,最后给出40.5kV高压真空灭弧室的设计参数和后处理工艺,进一步增强灭弧室的耐压水平,提高灭弧室投切电容器的能力,降低灭弧室的重击穿几率,杜绝事故发生,保证电容器组的安全运行。关键词:真空灭弧室,电容器,重燃,电场,老炼ABSTRACTABSTRACTWiththewidelyuseofthevacuumswitch,there-ignitionproblemofvacuumswitchclosing-openingcapacitorbecomesmorecritcalThisproblemhasbeenintheresearchfieldsincethe90’s,butaftermorethanadecadeofefforts,sofarcapacitorbreakdownisstillthemainflawofvacuumswitch,farbelowtherequirementofcapacitorgroupoflow(zero)re-ignitionrate,operatingmechanismisstillunreliable.Andthisisoneofthemajorproblemstobesolvedincurrentdomesticvacuumswitchindustry.Byanalyzingthecharactersofre-ignitionphenomenonofvacuuminterrupter,therootcauseofvacuumswitchclosing-openingre-ignitioncapacitorhasbeenfound.Mainproblemccomesfromtheunequaldistributionofinternalelectricfieldandthevacuumgapbreakdown.Basedonthedevelopmenthistoryandcurrentsituationofthevacuumswitchathomeandabroad,referencingthebasicdesigntheoryandprocessmethodofvacuumswitch,consideringseveralmajorproblemsincurrentdevelopmentandresearchsituationgenaratetheresearchcontentandaimofthisarticle.Inthisstudy,accordingtoqualityproductdesignprocess,basicparametersaregivenfor40.5kVvacuuminterrupters,andasimulationanalysisoptimizetheinternalkeypartof40.5kVvacuumchambersystematicallyandcomprehensivelybyus
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