无动力厌氧工艺处理小型火车站生活污水的分析-analysis of domestic sewage treatment by unpowered anaerobic process in small railway stations.docxVIP
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无动力厌氧工艺处理小型火车站生活污水的分析-analysis of domestic sewage treatment by unpowered anaerobic process in small railway stations
摘要
目前,大部分小型火车站产生的生活污水并未经过适当的处理便直接排入附 近的凹地、河道等,影响了铁路沿线的环境和居民的生活,对沿线车站周围环境 及居民的生活造成影响,其面临着达标和再生利用的问题。针对铁路各站排水水 量小、管理人员少等特点,有必要设计一种符合铁路小站实际的适用于小水量且 运行管理方便的无动力污水处理处理设施,对污水进行就地处理和循环利用。
本课题中厌氧反应器正是针对以上目标设计的。试验首先对反应器填料进行 了初步筛选以及其挂膜的研究,选取圆形悬浮填料和网状海绵填料进行后续试 验。在反应器通过好氧/缺氧/厌氧阶段性培养和驯化进行启动后,实验对影响厌 氧生物膜反应器运行的因素(水力停留时间(HRT)、脉冲强度、脉冲频率)进行 了研究分析,最后经人工湿地对厌氧出水进行了深度处理。
结果表明,(1)通过不同规格的悬浮填料和海绵填料分别在好氧及厌氧条件 下的挂膜情况分析,表明好氧预挂膜可以加快厌氧反应器的启动,填料的装填密 度对污染物的去除有一定影响。分别选用圆形悬浮填料和网状海绵填料依次通过 好氧预挂膜,缺氧挂膜和厌氧挂膜,完成了三个反应器的启动。
(2)在处理生活污水时,厌氧生物膜反应器采用了脉冲进水方式,布水均 匀,处理效果稳定。HRT、脉冲强度、脉冲频率对污染物的去除有很大影响,当 HRT 为 24 h,悬浮填料反应器的脉冲强度和频率分别为 0.108 L/min、16 次/d, 海绵填料反应器的脉冲强度和频率分别为 0.0722 L/min、20 次/d 时,对 COD 的 处理效果最佳,此时,脉冲悬浮填料反应器、脉冲海绵填料反应器和连续海绵填 料反应器对 COD 的去除率分别为 83.0%、84.0%和 80.3%,出水 COD 浓度为 100 mg/L 左右。在试验条件下,总氮去除率整体不高于 20.0%。脉冲海绵填料反应 器对 COD 的去除效果优于脉冲悬浮填料反应器的处理效果,同时也优于连续海 绵填料反应器对 COD 的去除效果。经过厌氧处理,出水可生化性改善良好,B/C 由 0.30 左右增大至 0.60 以上。
(3)脉冲厌氧生物膜反应器在最佳运行参数下运行,出水水质稳定,主要 水质指标达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)的三级标 准。经过人工湿地深度处理后,基本达到一级 B 标准,可以直接排入附近地表 水、河流或者回用于农业灌溉。
关键词:公建污水;厌氧生物膜;无动力技术;小型火车站;脉冲进水
ABSTRACT
Currently, the domestic wastewater in most small railway station had not been treated effectively and discharged directly into nearby rivers, depression, etc. It brings undesirable impact on surrounding environment and residents living along the stations. It needs to be treated properly to reach the discharge standards or reuse standards. So, it is necessary to design suitable unpowered, small volume and easy-operation wastewater treatment facilities, aiming for the in-situ treatment and reuse, for the small railway station.
The anaerobic treatment system was designed to meet the above objectives. Based on preliminary comparison of packing materials and investigation of biofilm culturing, circular suspended packing and mesh sponge packing were selected for further experiments. In the next stage, during the operation process of reactors in three states in succession, namely aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic states, investigation is carr
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